Mathematics 12 Mathematics 12

UNIT I: Relations and Functions
  • reflexive
  • symmetric
  • transitive and equivalence relations
  • composite functions
  • inverse of a function. Binary operations
UNIT II: Inverse Trigonometric Functions
  • Definition
  • range
  • domain
  • principal value branch
  • Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions
  • Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions
UNIT III: Matrices
  • Concept
  • notation
  • order
  • equality
  • zero matrix
  • transpose of a matrix
  • symmetric and skew symmetric matrices
  • Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar
  • Simple properties of addition
  • multiplication and scalar multiplication
  • Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
  • Concept of elementary row and column operations
  • Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries)
UNIT IV: Determinants
  • Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 × 3 matrices)
  • minors
  • cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle
  • inverse of a square matrix
UNIT V: Continuity and Differentiability
  • derivative of composite functions
  • chain rule
  • Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions
UNIT VI: Application of Derivatives
  • Rate of change of bodies
  • tangents and normals
  • use of derivatives in approximation
  • maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)
  • Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations)
UNIT VII: Integrals
  • Integration as inverse process of differentiation
  • Integration of a variety of functions by substitution
  • by partial fractions and by parts
  • Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them
UNIT VIII: Applications of Integrals
  • Applications in finding the area under simple curves
  • especially lines
  • circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only)
  • Area between any of the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable)
UNIT IX: Differential Equations
  • Definition
  • order and degree
  • general and particular solutions of a differential equation
  • Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given
  • Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables
  • solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree
UNIT X: Vectors
  • Vectors and scalars
  • addition of vectors
  • components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space
  • scalar and vector products
  • scalar and vector triple product
UNIT XI: Three-dimensional Geometry
  • Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points
  • Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line
  • coplanar lines
  • shortest distance between two lines
  • Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
  • distance of a point from a plane
UNIT XII: Linear Programming
  • Introduction
  • related terminology such as constraints
  • objective function
  • optimization
  • different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems
  • mathematical formulation of L.P. problems
  • graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
  • feasible and infeasible regions (bounded)
  • feasible and infeasible solutions
  • optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)
UNIT XIII: Probability
  • Conditional probability
  • multiplication theorem on probability
  • independent events
  • total probability
  • mean and variance of random variable