Physics 12 Physics 12

UNIT I: WAVES
  • Introduction
  • Transverse and longitudinal waves
  • Displacement relation in a progressive wave
  • The speed of a travelling wave
  • Beats
  • Doppler effect
UNIT II: RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
  • Introduction
  • Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
  • Refraction
  • Total Internal Reflection
  • Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses
  • Refraction through a Prism
  • Dispersion by a Prism
  • Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight
  • Optical Instrumets
UNIT III: WAVE OPTICS
  • Introduction, Huygens Principle
  • Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
  • Diffraction
  • Polarisation
UNIT IV: ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
  • Introduction
  • Electric Charges
  • Conductors and Insulators
  • Charging by Induction
  • Basic Properties of Electric Charge
  • Forces between Multiple Charges
  • Electric Field
  • Electric Dipole
  • Dipole in a Uniform External Field
  • Continuous Charge Distribution
UNIT V: ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
  • Introduction
  • Electrostatic Potential
  • Potential due to a point Charge
  • Potential due to an Electric Dipole
  • Potential due to a System of Charges
  • Equipotential Surfaces
  • Potential Energy of a System of Charges
  • Potential Energy in an External Field
  • Electrostatics of Conductors
  • Dieletrics and Polarisation
  • Capacitors and Capacitance
  • The Parallel Plate Capacitor
  • Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
  • Combination of Capacitor
  • Energy Stored in a Capacitor
  • Van de Graaff Generator
UNIT VI: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
  • Introduction
  • Electric Current
  • Electric Currents in Conductors
  • Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
  • Limitations of Ohm’s Law
  • Resistivity of Various Materials
  • Electrical Energy
  • Power
  • Cells
  • Emf
  • Internal Resistance
  • Cells in Series and in Parallel
  • Potentiometer
UNIT VII: MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNESTISM
  • Introduction
  • Magnetic Force
  • Motion in a Magnetic Field
  • Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields
  • Magnetic Field due to a Current Element
  • Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
  • Amper’s Circuital Law
  • The Solenoid and the Toroid
  • Force between Two Parallel Currents
  • The Ampere (Unit)
  • Torque on Current Loop
  • Magnetic Dipole
  • The Moving Coil Galvanometer
UNIT VIII: MAGNETISM AND MATTER
  • Introduction
  • The Bar Magnet
  • Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
  • The Earth’s Magnetism
  • Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
  • Magnetic Properties of Materials
  • Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets
UNIT IX: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
  • Introduction
  • The Experiments of Faraday and Henry
  • Magnetic Flux
  • Faraday’s Law of Induction
  • Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
  • Motional Electromotive Force
  • Energy Consideration: A Quantitative Study
  • Eddy Currents
  • Inductance
  • AC Generator
UNIT X: ALTERNATING CURRENT
  • Introduction
  • Ac Voltage Applied to a Register
  • Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors - Phasors
  • AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
  • AC Voltage Applied to an Capacitor
  • AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
  • Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor
  • LC Oscillations
  • Transformers
UNIT XII: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
  • Introduction
  • Electron Emission
  • Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
  • Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
  • Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
  • Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
  • Wave Nature of Matter
  • Davisson and Germmer Experiment
UNIT XIII: ATOMS
  • Introduction
  • Atomic Spectra
  • Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
  • The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
  • de Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
UNIT XV: SEMICONDUCTOR ELCTRONICS: MATERIALS,DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
  • Introduction
  • Classification of Metals
  • Conductors and Semiconductors
  • Intrinsic Semiconductor
  • Extrinsic Semiconductor
  • p-n Junction
  • Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier
  • Junction Transistor
  • Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
  • Integrated Circuits
UNIT XVI: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
  • Introduction
  • Elements of a Communication System
  • Basic terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
  • Bandwidth of Signals
  • Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
  • Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
  • Modulation and its Necessity
  • Amplitude Modulation
  • Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave
  • Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave