#### Which of the following laws of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a closed system cannot decrease over time? 1. [ ] Zeroth law 2. [ ] First law 3. [x] Second law 4. [ ] Third law #### Which of the following is a sign of a spontaneous reaction in thermodynamics? 1. [ ] Positive change in enthalpy (ΔH) 2. [ ] Negative change in entropy (ΔS) 3. [x] Negative change in free energy (ΔG) 4. [ ] Positive change in free energy (ΔG) #### The Third Law of Thermodynamics is related to the concept of: 1. [x] Absolute zero temperature 2. [ ] Heat capacity 3. [ ] Phase transitions 4. [ ] Entropy #### The relationship between enthalpy, entropy, and free energy is given by the equation: 1. [x] ΔG = ΔH - TΔS 2. [ ] ΔG = TΔS - ΔH 3. [ ] ΔG = TΔH + ΔS 4. [ ] ΔG = ΔS - TΔH #### Which of the following statements is true about a reaction that has a positive change in free energy (ΔG)? 1. [ ] It is spontaneous in the forward direction 2. [x] It is not spontaneous in the forward direction 3. [ ] It is at equilibrium 4. [ ] It is non-spontaneous in the reverse direction #### In thermodynamics, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is defined as: 1. [x] The heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure 2. [ ] The heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant temperature and volume 3. [ ] The heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant pressure and volume 4. [ ] The heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant entropy #### The enthalpy change (ΔH) for a reaction can be determined by: 1. [ ] Calorimetry 2. [ ] Bomb calorimetry 3. [x] Hess's law 4. [ ] Gibbs free energy #### In thermodynamics, spontaneity of a reaction is determined by: 1. [ ] ΔH 2. [ ] ΔS 3. [x] ΔG 4. [ ] TΔS #### Which of the following statements is true about a reaction that has a negative change in free energy (ΔG)? 1. [ ] It is non-spontaneous in the forward direction 2. [ ] It is not spontaneous in the forward direction 3. [ ] It is at equilibrium 4. [x] It is spontaneous in the forward direction #### The value of entropy (S) at absolute zero temperature is: 1. [x] Zero 2. [ ] Negative 3. [ ] Positive 4. [ ] Indeterminate