Answer

(i) $H_2 O$ :

The molecular mass of water, $H_2 O$

$=(2 \times$ Atomic mass of hydrogen $)+(1 \times$ Atomic mass of oxygen $)$

$=[2(1.0084)+1(16.00 u)]$

$=2.016 u+16.00 u$

$=18.016$

$=18.02 u$

(ii) $CO_2$

The molecular mass of carbon dioxide, $CO_2$

$=(1 \times$ Atomic mass of carbon $)+(2 \times$ Atomic mass of oxygen $)$

$=[1(12.011 u)+2(16.00 u)]$

$=12.011 u+32.00 u$

$=44.01 u$

(iii) $CH_4$

The molecular mass of methane, $CH_4$

$=(1 \times$ Atomic mass of carbon $)+(4 \times$ Atomic mass of hydrogen $)$

$=[1(12.011 u)+4(1.008 u)]$

$=12.011 u+4.032 u$

$=16.043 u$

Answer

The molecular formula of sodium sulphate is $Na_2 SO_4$.

Molar mass of $Na_2 SO_4=[(2 \times 23.0)+(32.066)+4(16.00)]$

$=142.066 g$

Mass percent of an element

$ =\frac{\text{ Mass of that element in the compound }}{\text{ Molar mass of the compound }} \times 100 $

$\therefore$ Mass percent of sodium:

$=\frac{46.0 g}{142.066 g} \times 100$

$=32.379$

$=32.4 %$

Mass percent of sulphur:

$=\frac{32.066 g}{142.066 g} \times 100$

$=22.57$

$=22.6 %$

Mass percent of oxygen:

$ \begin{aligned} & =\frac{64.0 g}{142.066 g} \times 100 \\ & =45.049 \\ & =45.05 % \end{aligned} $

Answer

$%$ of iron by mass $=69.9 %$ [Given]

$%$ of oxygen by mass $=30.1 %$ [Given]

Relative moles of iron in iron oxide: $=\frac{ \% \text{ of iron by mass }}{\text{ Atomic mass of iron }}$

$=\frac{69.9}{55.85}$

$=1.25$

Relative moles of oxygen in iron oxide:

$=\frac{ \% \text{ of oxygen by mass }}{\text{ Atomic mass or oxygen }}$

$=\frac{30.1}{16.00}$

$=1.88$

Simplest molar ratio of iron to oxygen:

$=1.25: 1.88$

$=1: 1.5$

$\simeq 2: 3$

$\therefore$ The empirical formula of the iron oxide is $Fe_2 O_3$.

Answer

The balanced reaction of combustion of carbon can be written as:

(i) As per the balanced equation, 1 mole of carbon burns in1 mole of dioxygen (air) to produce1 mole of carbon dioxide.

(ii) According to the question, only $16 g$ of dioxygen is available. Hence, it will react with 0.5 mole of carbon to give 22 $g$ of carbon dioxide. Hence, it is a limiting reactant.

(iii) According to the question, only $16 g$ of dioxygen is available. It is a limiting reactant. Thus, $16 g$ of dioxygen can combine with only 0.5 mole of carbon to give $22 g$ of carbon dioxide.

Answer

$0.375 M$ aqueous solution of sodium acetate

$1000 , \text{mL} $ of solution containing 0.375 moles of sodium acetate

$\therefore$ Number of moles of sodium acetate in $500 mL$

$=\frac{0.375}{1000} \times 500$

$=0.1875$ mole

Molar mass of sodium acetate $=82.0245 g$ mole $^{-1}$ (Given)

$\therefore$ Required mass of sodium acetate $=(82.0245 g mol^{-1})(0.1875$ mole $)$

$=15.38 g$

Answer

Mass percent of nitric acid in the sample $=69 %$ [Given]

Thus, $100 g$ of nitric acid contains $69 g$ of nitric acid by mass.

Molar mass of nitric acid $(HNO_3)$

$={1+14+3(16)} g mol^{-1}$

$=1+14+48$

$=63 g mol^{1 -1}$

$\therefore$ Number of moles in $69 g$ of $HNO_3$

$=\frac{69 g}{63 g mol^{-1}}$

$=1.095 mol$

Volume of $100 g$ of nitric acid solution $=\frac{\text{ Mass of solution }}{\text{ density of solution }}$

$=\frac{100 g}{1.41 g mL^{-1}}$

$=70.92 mL \equiv 70.92 \times 10^{-3} L$

Concentration of nitric acid

$=\frac{1.095 mole}{70.92 \times 10^{-3} L}$

$=15.44 mol / L$

$\therefore$ Concentration of nitric acid $=15.44 mol / L$

Answer

1 mole of $CuSO_4$ contains 1 mole of copper.

Molar mass of $CuSO_4=(63.5)+(32.00)+4(16.00)$

$=63.5+32.00+64.00$

$=159.5 g$

$159.5 g$ of $CuSO_4$ contains $63.5 g$ of copper.

$\Rightarrow 100 g$ of $CuSO_4$ will contain $\frac{63.5 \times 100 g}{159.5}$ of copper.

$\therefore$ Amount of copper that can be obtained from $100 g CuSO_4=\frac{63.5 \times 100}{159.5}$

$=39.81 g$

Answer

Mass percent of iron $(Fe)=69.9 %$ (Given)

Mass percent of oxygen $(O)=30.1 %$ (Given)

Number of moles of iron present in the oxide $=\frac{69.90}{55.85}$

$=1.25$

Number of moles of oxygen present in the oxide $=\frac{30.1}{16.0}$

$=1.88$

Ratio of iron to oxygen in the oxide,

$=1.25: 1.88$

$=\frac{1.25}{1.25}: \frac{1.88}{1.25}$

$=1: 1.5$

$=2: 3$

$\therefore$ The empirical formula of the oxide is $Fe_2 O_3$

Empirical formula mass of $Fe_2 O_3=[2(55.85)+3(16.00)] g$

Molar mass of $Fe_2 O_3=159.69 g$

$ \begin{aligned} \therefore n=\frac{\text{ Molar mass }}{\text{ Emprical formula mass }} & =\frac{159.69 g}{159.7 g} \\ & =0.999 \\ & =1(\text{ approx }) \end{aligned} $

Molecular formula of a compound is obtained by multiplying the empirical formula with $n$.

Thus, the empirical formula of the given oxide is $Fe_2 O_3$ and $n$ is 1 .

Hence, the molecular formula of the oxide is $Fe_2 O_3$.

Answer

The average atomic mass of chlorine

$ \begin{aligned} & =[(\begin{matrix} \text{ Fractional abundance } \\ \text{ of }{ }^{35} Cl \end{matrix} )(\begin{matrix} \text{ Molar mass } \\ \text{ of }{ }^{35} Cl \end{matrix} )+(\begin{matrix} \text{ Fractional } \\ \text{ abundance } \\ \text{ of }{ }^{37} Cl \end{matrix} )(\begin{matrix} \text{ Molar mass } \\ \text{ of }{ }^{37} Cl \end{matrix} )] \\ & =[{(\frac{75.77}{100})(34.9689 u)}+{(\frac{24.23}{100})(36.9659 u)}] \\ & =26.4959+8.9568 \\ & =35.4527 u \\ & \therefore \text{ The average atomic mass of chlorine }=35.4527 u \end{aligned} $

Answer

(i) 1 mole of $C_2 H_6$ contains 2 moles of carbon atoms.

$\therefore$ Number of moles of carbon atoms in 3 moles of $C_2 H_6$

$=2 \times 3=6$

(ii) 1 mole of $C_2 H_6$ contains 6 moles of hydrogen atoms.

$\therefore$ Number of moles of carbon atoms in 3 moles of $C_2 H_6$

$=3 \times 6=18$

(iii) 1 mole of $C_2 H_6$ contains $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ molecules of ethane.

$\therefore$ Number of molecules in 3 moles of $C_2 H_6$

$=3 \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}=18.069 \times 10^{23}$

Answer

Molarity (M) of a solution is given by, $=\frac{\text{ Number of moles of solute }}{\text{ Volume of solution in Litres }}$

$=\frac{\text{ Mass of sugar } / \text{ molar mass of sugar }}{2 L}$

$=\frac{20 g /[(12 \times 12)+(1 \times 22)+(11 \times 16)] g}{2 L}$

$=\frac{20 g / 342 g}{2 L}$

$=\frac{0.0585 mol}{2 L}$

$=0.02925 mol L^{\hat{-1 }}$

$\therefore$ Molar concentration of sugar $=0.02925 mol L^{\hat{-1 }}$

Answer

Molar mass of methanol $(CH_3 OH)=(1 \times 12)+(4 \times 1)+(1 \times 16)$

$=32 g mol L^{- 1}$

$=0.032 kg mol L^{-1}$

Molarity of methanol solution $=\frac{0.793 kg L^{-1}}{0.032 kg mol L^{-1}}$

$=24.78 mol L^{-1}$

(Since density is mass per unit volume)

Applying,

$M_1 V_1=M_2 V_2$

(Given solution) (Solution to be prepared)

$ (24.78 mol L^{-1})V_1 = (2.5 L)(0.25 mol L^{-1}) $

$V_1=0.0252 L$

$V_1=25.22 mL$

Answer

Pressure is defined as force acting per unit area of the surface.

$ \begin{aligned} P & =\frac{F}{A} \\ & =\frac{1034 g \times 9.8 ms^{-2}}{cm^{2}} \times \frac{1 kg}{1000 g} \times \frac{(100)^{2} cm^{2}}{1 m^{2}} \end{aligned} $

$=1.01332 \times 10^{5} kg m^{{-1}} s^{-2}$

We know,

$1 N=1 kg ms^{-2}$

Then,

$1 Pa=1 Nm^{- 2}=1 kg m^{- 2} s^{{-2}}$

$1 Pa=1 kg m^{{-1}} s^{-2}$

$\therefore$ Pressure $=1.01332 \times 10^{5} Pa$

Answer

The SI unit of mass is kilogram $(kg)$. 1 Kilogram is defined as the mass equal to the mass of the international prototype of kilogram.

Answer

Answer

Significant figures are those meaningful digits that are known with certainty.

They indicate uncertainty in an experiment or calculated value. For example, if $15.6 mL$ is the result of an experiment, then 15 is certain while 6 is uncertain, and the total number of significant figures are 3.

Hence, significant figures are defined as the total number of digits in a number including the last digit that represents the uncertainty of the result.

Answer

(i) $1 ppm$ is equivalent to 1 part out of 1 million $(10^{6})$ parts.

$\therefore$ Mass percent of 15 ppm chloroform in water

$=\frac{15}{10^{6}} \times 100$

$\simeq 1.5 \times 10^{-3} %$

(ii) $100 g$ of the sample contains $1.5 \times 10^{-3} g$ of $CHCl_3$.

$\Rightarrow 1000 g$ of the sample contains $1.5 \times 10^{{-2}} g$ of $CHCl_3$.

$\therefore$ Molality of chloroform in water

$=\frac{1.5 \times 10^{-2} g}{\text{ Molar mass of } CHCl_3}$

Molar mass of $CHCl_3=12.00+1.00+3(35.5)$

$=119.5 g mol^{-{1}}$

$\therefore$ Molality of chloroform in water $=0.0125 \times 10^{-2} m$

$=1.25 \times 10^{-4} m$

Answer

(i) $0.0048=4.8 \times 10^{-3}$

(ii) $234,000=2.34 \times 10^{5}$

(iii) $8008=8.008 \times 10^{3}$

(iv) $500.0=5.000 \times 10^{2}$

(v) $6.0012=6.0012$

Answer

(i) 0.0025

There are 2 significant figures.

(ii) 208

There are 3 significant figures.

(iii) 5005

There are 4 significant figures.

(iv) 126,000

There are 3 significant figures.

(v) 500.0

There are 4 significant figures.

(vi) 2.0034

There are 5 significant figures.

Answer

(i) 34.2

(ii) 10.4

(iii) 0.0460

(iv) 2810

Answer

(a)

If we fix the mass of dinitrogen at $28 g$, then the masses of dioxygen that will combine with the fixed mass of dinitrogen are $32 g, 64 g, 32 g$, and $80 g$.

The masses of dioxygen bear a whole number ratio of 1:2:2:5. Hence, the given experimental data obeys the law of multiple proportions. The law states that if two elements combine to form more than one compound, then the masses of one element that combines with the fixed mass of another element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.

(b) (i) $1 km=1 km \times \frac{1000 m}{1 km} \times \frac{100 cm}{1 m} \times \frac{10 mm}{1 cm}$

$\therefore 1 km=10^{6} mm$

$1 km=1 km \times \frac{1000 m}{1 km} \times \frac{1 pm}{10^{-12} m}$

$\therefore 1 km=10^{15} pm$

Hence, $1 km=10^{6} mm=10^{15} pm$

(ii) $1 mg=1 mg \times \frac{1 g}{1000 mg} \times \frac{1 kg}{1000 g}$

$\Rightarrow 1 mg=10^{-6} kg$

$1 mg=1 mg \times \frac{1 g}{1000 mg} \times \frac{1 ng}{10^{-9} g}$

$\Rightarrow 1 mg=10^{6} ng$

$\therefore 1 mg=10^{{-6} 6} kg=10^{6} ng$

$1 L$

(iii) $1 mL=1 mL \times$

$1000 mL$

$\Rightarrow 1 mL=10^{-3} L$

$1 mL=1 cm^{3}=1 cm^{3} \frac{1 dm \times 1 dm \times 1 dm}{10 cm \times 10 cm \times 10 cm}$

$\Rightarrow 1 mL=10^{-3} dm^{3}$

$\therefore 1 mL=10^{-3} L=10^{-3} dm^{3}$

Answer

According to the question:

Time taken to cover the distance $=2.00 ns$

$=2.00 \times 10^{-9} s$

Speed of light $=3.0 \times 10^{8} ms^{-1}$

Distance travelled by light in $2.00 ns$

$=$ Speed of light $x$ Time taken

$=(3.0 \times 10^{8} ms^{-1})(2.00 \times 10^{-9} s)$

$=6.00 \times 10^{-1} m$

$=0.600 m$

Answer

A limiting reagent determines the extent of a reaction. It is the reactant which is the first to get consumed during a reaction, thereby causing the reaction to stop and limiting the amount of products formed.

(i) According to the given reaction, 1 atom of $A$ reacts with 1 molecule of $B$. Thus, 200 molecules of $B$ will react with 200 atoms of A, thereby leaving 100 atoms of $A$ unused. Hence, $B$ is the limiting reagent.

(ii) According to the reaction, 1 mol of $A$ reacts with 1 mol of $B$. Thus, 2 mol of $A$ will react with only 2 mol of $B$. As a result, 1 mol of $B$ will not be consumed. Hence, $A$ is the limiting reagent.

(iii) According to the given reaction, 1 atom of A combines with 1 molecule of $B$. Thus, all 100 atoms of $A$ will combine with all 100 molecules of $B$. Hence, the mixture is stoichiometric where no limiting reagent is present.

(iv) 1 mol of atom A combines with 1 mol of molecule $B$. Thus, $2.5 mol$ of $B$ will combine with only $2.5 mol$ of $A$. As a result, $2.5 mol$ of $A$ will be left as such. Hence, $B$ is the limiting reagent.

(v) According to the reaction, 1 mol of atom A combines with 1 mol of molecule B. Thus, 2.5 mol of A will combine with only $2.5 mol$ of $B$ and the remaining $2.5 mol$ of $B$ will be left as such. Hence, $A$ is the limiting reagent.

Answer

(i) Balancing the given chemical equation,

$ N _{2(g)}+3 H _{2(g)} \longrightarrow 2 NH _{3(g)} $

From the equation, 1 mole ( $28 g$ ) of dinitrogen reacts with 3 mole $(6 g)$ of dihydrogen to give 2 mole $(34 g)$ of ammonia.

$\Rightarrow 2.00 \times 10^{3} g$ of dinitrogen will react with $\frac{6 g}{28 g} \times 2.00 \times 10^{3} g$ dihydrogen i.e.,

$2.00 \times 10^{3} g$ of dinitrogen will react with $428.6 g$ of dihydrogen.

Given,

Amount of dihydrogen $=1.00 \times 10^{3} g$

Hence, $N_2$ is the limiting reagent. $\therefore 28 g$ of $N_2$ produces $34 g$ of $NH_3$

Hence, mass of ammonia produced by $2000 g$ of $N_2$

$ =\frac{34 g}{28 g} \times 2000 g $

$=2428.57 g$

(ii) $N_2$ is the limiting reagent and $H_2$ is the excess reagent. Hence, $H_2$ will remain unreacted.

(iii) Mass of dihydrogen left unreacted $=1.00 \times 10^{3} g-428.6 g$

$=571.4 g$

Answer

Molar mass of $Na_2 CO_3=(2 \times 23)+12.00+(3 \times 16)$

$=106 g mol^{-1}$

Now, 1 mole of $Na_2 CO_3$ means $106 g$ of $Na_2 CO_3$.

$\therefore 0.5 mol$ of $Na_2 CO_3=\frac{106 g}{1 mole} \times 0.5 mol Na_2 CO_3$

$=53 g Na_2 CO_3$

$\Rightarrow 0.50 M$ of $Na_2 CO_3=0.50 mol / L Na_2 CO_3$

Hence, $0.50 mol$ of $Na_2 CO_3$ is present in $1 L$ of water or $53 g$ of $Na_2 CO_3$ is present in $1 L$ of water.

Answer

Reaction of dihydrogen with dioxygen can be written as:

$ 2 H _{2(g)}+O _{2(g)} \longrightarrow 2 H_2 O _{(g)} $

Now, two volumes of dihydrogen react with one volume of dihydrogen to produce two volumes of water vapour. Hence, ten volumes of dihydrogen will react with five volumes of dioxygen to produce ten volumes of water vapour.

Answer

(i) $28.7 pm$ :

$1 pm=10^{-12} m$

$ \therefore 28.7 pm = 28.7 \times 10^{-12} m $

$=2.87 \times 10^{{-11}} m$

(ii) $15.15 pm$ :

$1 pm=10^{-1} m$

$\therefore 15.15 pm=15.15 \times 10^{{-12}} m$

$=1.515 \times 10^{- 11} m$

(iii) $25365 mg$ :

$1 mg=10^{-3} g$

$25365 mg=2.5365 \times 10^{4} \times 10^{-3} g$

Since,

$1 g=10^{{-3}} kg$

$2.5365 \times 10^{1} g=2.5365 \times 10^{1} \times 10^{-3} kg$

$\therefore 25365 mg=2.5365 \times 10^{- 2} kg$

Answer

$1 g$ of $Au(s) \quad=\frac{1}{197} mol$ of $Au(s)$

$=\frac{6.022 \times 10^{23}}{197}$ atoms of $Au(s)$ $=3.06 \times 10^{21}$ atoms of $Au(s)$

$1 g$ of $Na(s)=\frac{1}{23} mol$ of $Na(s)$

$=\frac{6.022 \times 10^{23}}{23}$

atoms of $Na(s)$

$=0.262 \times 10^{23}$ atoms of $Na(s)$

$=26.2 \times 10^{21}$ atoms of $Na(s)$

$1 g$ of Li (s) $=\frac{1}{7}$ mol of Li (s)

$=\frac{6.022 \times 10^{23}}{7}$

atoms of Li (s)

$=0.86 \times 10^{23}$ atoms of $Li(s)$

$=86.0 \times 10^{21}$ atoms of $Li(s)$

$1 g$ of $Cl_2(g)=\frac{1}{71}$ mol of $Cl_2(g)$

(Molar mass of $Cl_2$ molecule $=35.5 \times 2=71 g mol^{-1}$ )

$=\frac{6.022 \times 10^{23}}{71}$ molecules of $Cl_2(g)$

$=0.0848 \times 10^{23}$ molecules of $Cl_2(g)$

$=8.48 \times 10^{21}$ molecules of $Cl_2(g)$

As one molecule of $Cl_2$ contains two atoms of $Cl$.

Number of atoms of $Cl=2 \times 8.48 \times 10^{21}=16.96 \times 10^{21}$ atoms of $Cl$

Hence, $1 g$ of $Li(s)$ will have the largest number of atoms.

Answer

Mole fraction of $C_2 H_5 OH=\frac{\text{ Number of moles of } C_2 H_5 OH}{\text{ Number of moles of solution }}$

$0.040=\frac{n _{C_2 H_5 OH}}{n _{C_2 H_3 OH}+n _{H_2 O}}$

Number of moles present in $1 L$ water:

$n _{H_2 O}=\frac{1000 g}{18 g mol^{-1}}$

$n _{H_2 O}=55.55 mol$

Substituting the value of $n _{H_2 O}$ in equation (1),

$\frac{n _{C_2 H_5 OH}}{n _{C_2 H_3 OH}+55.55}=0.040$

$n _{C_2 H_3 OH}=0.040 n _{C_2 H_3 OH}+(0.040)(55.55)$

$0.96 n _{C_2 H_5 OH}=2.222 mol$

$n _{C_2 H_5 OH}=\frac{2.222}{0.96} mol$

$n _{C_2 H_3 OH}=2.314 mol$

$\therefore$ Molarity of solution $=\frac{2.314 mol}{1 L}$

$=2.314 M$

Answer

1 mole of carbon atoms $=6.023 \times 10^{23}$ atoms of carbon

$=12 g$ of carbon

$\therefore$ Mass of one ${ }^{12} C$ atom $=\frac{12 g}{6.022 \times 10^{23}}$

$=1.993 \times 10^{-23} g$

Answer

$ \frac{0.02856 \times 298.15 \times 0.112}{0.5785} $

Least precise number of calculation $=0.112$

Number of significant figures in the answer

$=$ Number of significant figures in the least precise number

$=3$

(ii) $5 \times 5.364$

Least precise number of calculation $=5.364$

Number of significant figures in the answer $=$ Number of significant figures in 5.364

$=4$

(iii) $0.0125+0.7864+0.0215$

Since the least number of decimal places in each term is four, the number of significant figures in the answer is also 4.

Answer

Molar mass of argon

$ \begin{aligned} & =[(35.96755 \times \frac{0.337}{100})+(37.96272 \times \frac{0.063}{100})+(39.9624 \times \frac{90.60}{100})] gmol^{-1} \\ & =[0.121+0.024+39.802] gmol^{-1} \\ & =39.947 gmol^{-1} \end{aligned} $

Answer

(i) 1 mole of $Ar=6.022 \times 10^{23}$ atoms of $Ar$

$\therefore 52 mol$ of $Ar=52 \times 6.022 \times 10^{23}$ atoms of $Ar$

$=3.131 \times 10^{25}$ atoms of $Ar$

(ii) 1 atom of $He=4 u$ of $He$

Or,

$4 u$ of $He=1$ atom of $He$

$1 u$ of $He=\frac{1}{4}$ atom of $He$

$52 u$ of $He \quad \frac{52}{4}$ atom of $He$

$=13$ atoms of $He$

(iii) $4 g$ of $He=6.022 \times 10^{23}$ atoms of $He$

$\therefore 52 g$ of $He=\frac{6.022 \times 10^{23} \times 52}{4}$ atoms of $He$

$=7.8286 \times 10^{24}$ atoms of $He$

Answer

(i) 1 mole $(44 g)$ of $CO_2$ contains $12 g$ of carbon.

$ 3.38 g \text{ of } CO_2 \text{ will contain carbon } = \frac{12g}{44g} \times 3.38g $

$=0.9217 g$

$18 g$ of water contains $2 g$ of hydrogen.

$\therefore 0.690 g$ of water will contain hydrogen

$ =\frac{2 g}{18 g} \times 0.690 $

$=0.0767 g$

Since carbon and hydrogen are the only constituents of the compound, the total mass of the compound is:

$=0.9217 g+0.0767 g$

$=0.9984 g$

$\therefore$ Percent of $C$ in the compound

$ =\frac{0.9217 g}{0.9984 g} \times 100 $

$=92.32 %$

Percent of $H$ in the compound

$ =\frac{0.0767 g}{0.9984 g} \times 100 $

$=7.68 %$

Moles of carbon in the compound $=\frac{92.32}{12.00}$ $=7.69$

Moles of hydrogen in the compound $=\frac{7.68}{1}$

$=7.68$

$\therefore$ Ratio of carbon to hydrogen in the compound $=7.69: 7.68$

$=1: 1$

Hence, the empirical formula of the gas is $CH$.

(ii) Given,

Weight of 10.0L of the gas (at S.T.P) $=11.6 g$

$\therefore$ Weight of $22.4 L$ of gas at STP

$ =\frac{11.6 g}{10.0 L} \times 22.4 L $

$=25.984 g$

$= 26g $

Hence, the molar mass of the gas is $26 g$.

(iii) Empirical formula mass of $CH=12+1=13 g$

$ \begin{aligned} n & =\frac{\text{ Molar mass of gas }}{\text{ Empirical formula mass of gas }} \\ & =\frac{26 g}{13 g} \\ n & =2 \\ \therefore & \text{ Molecular formula of gas }=(CH) _{n} \\ = & C_2 H_2 \end{aligned} $

Answer

$0.75 M$ of $HCl \quad 0.75 mol$ of $HCl$ are present in $1 L$ of water

$ = [(0.75 , \text{mol}) \times (36.5 , \text{g mol}^{-1})] HCl$ is present in $1 L$ of water

$ = 27.375 g$ of $HCl$ is present in $1 L$ of water

Thus, $1000 mL$ of solution contains $27.375 g$ of $HCl$.

$\therefore$ Amount of $HCl$ present in $25 mL$ of solution

$=\frac{27.375 g}{1000 mL} \times 25 mL$

$=0.6844 g$

From the given chemical equation,

$ CaCO _{3(s)}+2 HCl _{(a q)} \longrightarrow CaCl _{2(a q)}+CO _{2(g)}+H_2 O _{(l)} $

$2 mol$ of $HCl(2 \times 36.5=71 g)$ react with $1 mol$ of $CaCO_3(100 g)$.

$\therefore$ Amount of $CaCO_3$ that will react with $0.6844 g$

$ =\frac{100}{71} \times 0.6844 g $

$=0.9639 g$

Answer

$1 mol[55+2 \times 16=87 g] MnO_2$ reacts completely with $4 mol[4 \times 36.5=146 g]$ of $HCl$.

$\therefore 5.0 g$ of $MnO_2$ will react with

$=\frac{146 g}{87 g} \times 5.0 g$

of $HCl$ $=8.4 g$ of $HCl$

Hence, $8.4 g$ of $HCl$ will react completely with $5.0 g$ of manganese dioxide.