Reproduction:Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants – 5
Flowers
graph TD;
Flowers --> Angiosperms;
Flowers --> Gymnosperms;
Angiosperms --> Monocots;
Angiosperms --> Dicots;
Monocots --> Orchids;
Monocots --> Lilies;
Dicots --> Roses;
Dicots --> Daisies;
Gymnosperms --> Conifers;
Gymnosperms --> Cycads;
Fertilization
graph TD;
Fertilization --> Gametes;
Fertilization --> Fusion;
Fertilization --> Zygote;
Gametes --> Egg;
Gametes --> Sperm;
Fusion --> Egg_and_Sperm;
Zygote --> Embryo;
Entry Of Pollen Tube Into Ovule
graph TB
A[Entry Of Pollen Tube Into Ovule]
B[Pollen Grain]
C[Pollen Tube]
D[Stigma]
E[Style]
F[Ovary]
G[Ovule]
H[Sperm Cells]
I[Synergid Cells]
J[Egg Cell]
K[Zygote]
L[Endosperm]
A --> B
B --> C
C --> D
D --> E
E --> F
F --> G
G --> H
H --> I
I --> J
J --> K
K --> L
Double Fertilization
graph TB
A[Double Fertilization]
B[Sperm Cells]
C[Egg Cell]
D[Polar Nuclei]
E[Zygote]
F[Endosperm]
A --> B
A --> C
A --> D
B --> E
B --> F
C --> E
D --> F
E -->|Results in| G[Embryo]
F -->|Feeds| G
Flower
graph TD;
Flower --> Petals;
Flower --> Sepals;
Flower --> Stamen;
Flower --> Pistil;
Petals --> Color;
Petals --> Shape;
Stamen --> Anther;
Stamen --> Filament;
Pistil --> Stigma;
Pistil --> Style;
Pistil --> Ovary;
Development Endosperm For Triploid Nucleus
graph TB
A[Development Endosperm For Triploid Nucleus]
A --> B[Formation of Triploid Nucleus]
A --> C[Role in Seed Development]
B --> D[Double Fertilization]
B --> E[Endosperm Development]
C --> F[Nutrient Supply]
C --> G[Embryo Development]
D --> H[Syngamy]
D --> I[Penetration of Pollen Tube]
E --> J[Cell Division]
E --> K[Cell Differentiation]
F --> L[Protein Synthesis]
F --> M[Starch Synthesis]
G --> N[Morphogenesis]
G --> O[Organogenesis]
Endosperm Development
graph TB
A[Endosperm Development]
A --> B[Synthesis Phase]
A --> C[Cellularization Phase]
A --> D[Mature Phase]
B --> E[Nuclear Division]
B --> F[Nutrient Accumulation]
C --> G[Cell Wall Formation]
C --> H[Endosperm Cavity Formation]
D --> I[Protein Bodies Formation]
D --> J[Starch Grains Formation]
Fig A-D Stages In The Development Of Cellular Endosperm
graph TD;
A[Fig A - Stage 1] --> B[Fig B - Stage 2];
B --> C[Fig C - Stage 3];
C --> D[Fig D - Stage 4];
style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;
style B fill:#ccf,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray: 5, 5;
style C fill:#ff9,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray: 5, 5;
style D fill:#9f9,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;
Fig A-D Stages In The Development Of Helobial Endosperm
graph TB
A[Fig A - Initial Stage] --> B[Fig B - Cell Division Stage]
B --> C[Fig C - Endosperm Formation Stage]
C --> D[Fig D - Mature Endosperm Stage]
Development Of Embryo (Dicot)
graph TD;
A[Development Of Embryo (Dicot)];
A --> B[Zygote];
B --> C[Proembryo];
C --> D[Globular Stage];
D --> E[Heart Stage];
E --> F[Torpedo Stage];
F --> G[Mature Embryo];
G --> H[Cotyledons];
G --> I[Radicle];
G --> J[Plumule];
Development Of Embryo (Monocot)
graph TD;
A[Development Of Embryo (Monocot)];
A --> B[Stage 1];
A --> C[Stage 2];
A --> D[Stage 3];
B --> E[Subtopic 1.1];
B --> F[Subtopic 1.2];
C --> G[Subtopic 2.1];
C --> H[Subtopic 2.2];
D --> I[Subtopic 3.1];
D --> J[Subtopic 3.2];
Development Of Seed
graph TD;
A[Development Of Seed];
B[Fertilization];
C[Embryo Development];
D[Seed Maturation];
E[Seed Dispersal];
F[Seed Germination];
A-->B;
B-->C;
C-->D;
D-->E;
E-->F;
B-->|Process 1|G[Syngamy];
B-->|Process 2|H[Double Fertilization];
C-->|Stage 1|I[Zygote];
C-->|Stage 2|J[Proembryo];
C-->|Stage 3|K[Mature Embryo];
D-->|Phase 1|L[Cell Enlargement];
D-->|Phase 2|M[Accumulation of Storage Materials];
D-->|Phase 3|N[Desiccation];
E-->|Method 1|O[Wind];
E-->|Method 2|P[Water];
E-->|Method 3|Q[Animals];
F-->|Step 1|R[Imbibition];
F-->|Step 2|S[Activation of Metabolism];
F-->|Step 3|T[Emergence of Radicle];
Seed Germination
graph TD;
A[Seed Germination];
B[Water Absorption];
C[Activation of Enzymes];
D[Respiration Increase];
E[Protein Synthesis];
F[Cell Division];
G[Emergence of Radicle];
H[Emergence of Plumule];
A-->B;
B-->C;
C-->D;
D-->E;
E-->F;
F-->G;
G-->H;
Development Of Fruits
graph TB
A[Development Of Fruits]
A --> B[Fruit Formation]
B --> C[Flower]
B --> D[Ovary]
D --> E[Pollination]
E --> F[Fertilization]
F --> G[Seed Development]
G --> H[Maturation]
A --> I[Types of Fruits]
I --> J[Simple Fruits]
J --> K[Aggregate Fruits]
J --> L[Multiple Fruits]
A --> M[Dispersal of Fruits]
M --> N[By Wind]
M --> O[By Water]
M --> P[By Animals]
Fruita
graph TD;
Fruita-->Biology;
Biology-->Cell;
Biology-->Genetics;
Biology-->Evolution;
Biology-->Ecology;
Biology-->Physiology;
Apomixis
graph TB
A[Apomixis]
A --> B[Types of Apomixis]
B --> C[Vegetative Apomixis]
B --> D[Agamospermy]
A --> E[Advantages of Apomixis]
E --> F[Genetic Uniformity]
E --> G[Time and Energy Efficient]
A --> H[Disadvantages of Apomixis]
H --> I[Lack of Genetic Variation]
H --> J[Reduced Adaptability]
