Concepts and formula to Remember
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Transcription:
- Process of copying DNA information into RNA.
- Occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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RNA Polymerase:
- Enzyme responsible for transcription.
- Binds to the promoter region of DNA.
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Promoter:
- Specific DNA sequence before the coding region.
- Recognized by RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
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Sigma Factor:
- In prokaryotes, guides RNA polymerase to the promoter.
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Transcription of Protein-Coding Gene:
- Copies genetic information from DNA to mRNA.
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Promoter Proximal Element:
- Regulatory DNA sequence near the promoter.
- Influences transcription initiation.
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Mature mRNA Structure:
- 5’ Cap: Added to the 5’ end for stability and translation.
- Coding Region (Exons): Contains protein-coding sequences.
- 3’ Poly-A Tail: Added to the 3’ end for stability and export.
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Production of Mature mRNA:
- Involves transcription, capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.
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5’ Modification (Capping):
- Protects mRNA from degradation.
- Facilitates export and translation.
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Processing of Pre-mRNA to Mature mRNA:
- Steps include capping, polyadenylation, splicing, and transport.
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Steps of Pre-mRNA Processing:
- Transcription, capping, polyadenylation, splicing, and transport.
