Tidal Forces

Shortcut 1: The Rule of 12s

The Rule of 12s states that the difference between the high tide and low tide levels is approximately 12 feet for every 1,000 miles from the equator. This rule can be used to estimate the tidal range at a particular location based on its latitude.

Example:

If a location is 2,000 miles from the equator, then the tidal range would be approximately 24 feet (2 x 12 feet).

Shortcut 2: The Tide Chart

A tide chart is a graphical representation of the predicted high and low tides at a specific location over a period of time. Tide charts can be used to determine the exact time and height of high and low tides for a given day.

Example:

If you look at a tide chart for New York City, you can see that the high tide on July 4, 2023, will occur at 12:30 PM and will reach a height of 6.1 feet.

Energy Conservation

Shortcut 1: The Conservation of Energy Formula

The conservation of energy formula states that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. This means that energy can be transferred from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Example:

If a ball is thrown into the air, the kinetic energy of the ball will be converted into potential energy as the ball rises. When the ball reaches its highest point, it will have zero kinetic energy and maximum potential energy. As the ball falls, its potential energy will be converted back into kinetic energy.

Shortcut 2: The Work-Energy Theorem

The work-energy theorem states that the net work done on a body is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. This means that if a force is applied to a body, the body will accelerate and gain kinetic energy.

Example:

If a person pushes a car, the force applied by the person will cause the car to accelerate and gain kinetic energy. The amount of kinetic energy gained by the car will be equal to the net work done by the person.