Urine formation involves filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and concentration in the kidneys. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measures kidney function. Angiotensin regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which becomes angiotensin II via ACE. Angiotensin II raises blood pressure and stimulates aldosterone release, promoting sodium and water reabsorption. This process ensures vital organ perfusion.
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