Shortcut Methods
Principles of Mendel’s Experiments:
Used controlled cross-fertilization.
Labeled generations as P (parental), F1 (first filial), and F2 (second filial).
Discovered Law of Segregation (allele separation) and Law of Independent Assortment (independent gene segregation).
Observed phenotypic ratios in F2 generations (e.g., 3:1 for monohybrid cross).