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Sickle Cell Anemia:
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin.
Autosomal recessive inheritance: HbA/HbA (normal), HbS/HbS (affected), HbA/HbS (carrier).
Mutation in the HBB gene leads to abnormal hemoglobin (HbS).
Heterozygous advantage in malaria-endemic regions.
Genetic variation within populations.
Selective advantage and historical context.
Prevalence varies by region and exposure to malaria.