| Nucleus |
Contains genetic material (DNA), controls cell activities. |
| Mitochondria |
Generates ATP through cellular respiration (energy production). |
| Chloroplasts |
Site of photosynthesis, where plants produce sugars using light energy. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
Rough ER: Synthesizes and processes proteins. Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis and detoxification. |
| Golgi Apparatus |
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. |
| Lysosomes |
Contains enzymes for intracellular digestion and waste removal. |
| Peroxisomes |
Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances. |
| Ribosomes |
Protein synthesis by reading mRNA and assembling amino acids. |
| Vacuoles |
Store water, ions, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells. |
| Cilia and Flagella |
Hair-like structures for cell movement or moving substances along the cell surface. |
| Centrioles |
Organize microtubules during cell division. |
| Cell Membrane |
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| Cell Wall (in plants) |
Provides structural support and protection for plant cells. |
| Nucleolus |
Produces ribosomes. |
