Modern Physics - General Introduction

1. Quantum Mechanics:

• Quantum Mechanics: Introduction to the wave-particle duality of matter and energy. (Reference: NCERT Class 12, Chapter 12, “Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter”)

2. Relativity:

• Special Relativity: Time dilation, length contraction, mass-energy equivalence. (Reference: NCERT Class 11, Chapter 5, “Laws of Motion”; NCERT Class 12, Chapter 14, “Relativity”)
• General Relativity: Basics, concept of spacetime curvature, gravitational waves. (Reference: NCERT Class 12, Chapter 14, “Relativity”)

3. Quantum Entanglement:

• Quantum Entanglement: Concept, implications, Bell’s theorem, and experimental verification. (Reference: Class 12, Chapter 12, “Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter”)

4. Quantum Tunneling:

• Quantum Tunneling: Introduction, potential barriers, and applications. (Reference: Class 12, Chapter 13, “Nuclei”)

5. Nuclear Physics:

• Nuclear Physics: Structure of the atom and the nucleus, nuclear forces, binding energy, nuclear reactions, and radioactivity. (Reference: Class 12, Chapter 13, “Nuclei”)

6. Particle Physics:

• Particle Physics: Elementary particles, Standard Model of particle physics, quarks, leptons, Higgs boson, and fundamental forces. (Reference: Class 12, Chapter 14, “Relativity”)

7. Physics Beyond the Standard Model:

• Physics Beyond the Standard Model: Limitations of the Standard Model, Grand Unified Theories (GUTs), supersymmetry (SUSY), string theory, dark matter, and dark energy.

8. Experimental Techniques:

• Overview of experimental techniques used in modern physics: Particle accelerators, detectors, and data analysis methods.

9. Applications of Modern Physics:

• Quantum mechanics in chemistry and materials science, optoelectronics and semiconductor devices, relativistic effects in astrophysics and cosmology, nuclear energy, and medical imaging.

10. History and Development:

• Brief history of the development of modern physics: Contributions of key scientists and philosophical implications of modern physics.