Detailed Notes on Forces on Bodies - Contact and Non-Contact Forces

(References: NCERT Books for Class 11th and 12th)

1. Contact Forces

(i) Friction

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
• Laws of friction:
  • Limiting friction:
  • Static and dynamic friction:
• Coefficient of friction:
  • Kinetic friction:
  • Static friction:

(ii) Tension

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
• Concept and characteristics of tension
• Tension in strings and ropes
• Applications of tension in pulley systems

(iii) Normal force

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
• Definition and properties of normal force
• Relationship between normal force and contact surfaces
• Applications of normal force in equilibrium and dynamics

2. Non-Contact Forces

(i) Gravitational Force

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
• Newton’s law of gravitation
• Gravitational constant
• Gravitational potential energy
• Motion of planets and satellites
• Applications in celestial mechanics

(ii) Electromagnetic Force

• [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 1]
• Electric forces:
  • Coulomb’s law:
  • Electric fields:
• Magnetic forces:
  • Magnetic fields
• Applications in electromagnetism and motors

3. Interaction between Bodies

(i) Momentum and Impulse

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 9]
• Conservation laws:
• Collisions:
  • Elastic and inelastic collisions:
• Applications in projectile motion

(ii) Work and Energy

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
• Concepts and principles of work and energy
• Kinetic energy and potential energy
• Conservation of energy
• Applications in mechanical systems

(iii) Power

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
• Definition and units of power
• Efficiency
• Applications of power in machines

4. Applications of Forces

(i) Equilibrium

• [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 6]
• Conditions for equilibrium
• Free body diagrams
• Applications in structural analysis

(ii) Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

• [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 5]
• Translational and rotational motion of rigid bodies
• Equations of motion
• Applications in mechanics and engineering

5. Fluid Dynamics

• [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 10]
• Fluid pressure
• Buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle
• Fluid flow and Bernoulli’s equation
• Applications in fluid mechanics and hydraulic systems