Stamen:

• Stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower.

• It consists of two main parts:

  a) Anther: The top part of the stamen that produces and releases pollen.

  b) Filament: The slender stalk that supports the anther.

Gynoecium:

• Gynoecium is the female reproductive organ of a flower.

• It includes one or more carpels, which are the female reproductive structures. Each carpel consists of:

  a) Stigma: The receptive surface for pollen.

  b) Style: The slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary.

  c) Ovary: The swollen base of the carpel that contains ovules.

Placentation:

• Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules within the ovary of a flower.

• Different types of placentation include:

  a) Axile: Ovules are attached to a central column or axis in the ovary.

  b) Parietal: Ovules are attached to the inner wall (parietal wall) of the ovary.

  c) Free Central: Ovules are attached to a central placenta that is not connected to the ovary wall.

  d) Basal: Ovules are attached at the base of the ovary.

  e) Marginal: Ovules are attached along the margin of the ovary.

The Fruit:

• The fruit is the mature ovary of a flower.
• It develops from the fertilized ovule(s) within the ovary.
• The fruit protects and disperses the seeds produced by the plant.
• Fruits can vary in shape, size, and structure, and they serve various functions in seed dispersal, including attracting animals to aid in dispersal.