Notes from the JEE Toppers
2 : Lens Formula and Magnification
- The lens formula is
where (f) is the focal length, (v) is the image distance, and (u) is the object distance. - Positive values for (v) and (u) indicate real images, while negative values indicate virtual images.
- Magnification ((M)) is given by
The negative sign indicates inversion. - Lenses follow the sign conventions: converging lenses have positive focal lengths, while diverging lenses have negative focal lengths.