Notes from the JEE Toppers

2 : Lens Formula and Magnification
  • The lens formula is (1f=1v1u), where (f) is the focal length, (v) is the image distance, and (u) is the object distance.
  • Positive values for (v) and (u) indicate real images, while negative values indicate virtual images.
  • Magnification ((M)) is given by (M=hiho=vu). The negative sign indicates inversion.
  • Lenses follow the sign conventions: converging lenses have positive focal lengths, while diverging lenses have negative focal lengths.