Standing Waves in a Pipe

Types of standing waves:

• Open-end pipe:

(Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 327-328)

• Closed-end pipe: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 328-329)

Resonance:

• Calculation of resonant frequencies: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 329-330)

• Quality factor:

(Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 334-335)

Overtones and harmonics:

• Relationship between frequency and wavelength: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 325-326)

• Calculation of overtones: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 330-331)

Sound intensity and pressure:

• Calculation of sound intensity: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 336-337)

• Calculation of sound pressure: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 336-337)

• Relationship between intensity and pressure: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 337-338)

Phenomena of Beats

• Definition of beats: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 13, pg. 282-283)

• Calculation of beat frequency: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 13, pg. 282-283)

• Audible range of beats: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 13, pg. 283-284)

• Applications of beats: Tuning musical instruments using beats: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 13, pg. 285)

Doppler Effect

Definition of Doppler effect

• Change in frequency: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 351-352)
• Relation Between Apparent Frequency and Actual Frequency: Equation of Doppler’s Effect: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 353-354)

Derivation of Doppler Effect equations

For moving source : (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 353-354)

For moving observer: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 354-355)

Applications of Doppler effect

Radar: ( Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 357)

Sonar: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 357-358)

Medical Imaging: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 358)

Astronomy: (Refer NCERT Physics Class 11, Ch. 15, pg. 358-359)