Measurements and Introduction to Error Analysis

**1. Introduction to Measurements** - Units and dimensions: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 2 "Units and Measurements") - Types of measurements: direct and indirect (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 2 "Units and Measurements") - Errors in measurements: types and sources of errors (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line")
**2. Significant Figures and Rounding Off** - Concept of significant figures: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Rules for determining the number of significant figures: (NCERT Class 12 Physics, Chapter 1 "Electric Charges and Fields") - Rounding off numbers: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 2 "Units and Measurements")
**3. Dimensional Analysis** - Units and dimensions of physical quantities: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 2 "Units and Measurements") - Dimensional homogeneity of equations: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 2 "Units and Measurements") - Checking the consistency of equations using dimensional analysis: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 2 "Units and Measurements")
**4. Accuracy and Precision** - Accuracy vs. precision (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Methods to improve accuracy and precision: (NCERT Class 12 Physics, Chapter 1 "Electric Charges and Fields") - Minimizing experimental errors (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line")
**5. Error Analysis** - Absolute error and relative error (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Percentage error (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Propagation of errors (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line")
**6. Graphical Analysis** - Plotting graphs (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 1 "Physical World") - Interpretation of graphs: slope, intercept, area under the curve, etc. (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 1 "Physical World") - Linear fit and curve fitting (NCERT Class 12 Mathematics, Chapter 6 "Applications of Derivatives")
**7. Statistical Analysis** - Mean, median, and mode (NCERT Class 11 Mathematics, Chapter 15 "Statistics") - Standard deviation and variance (NCERT Class 11 Mathematics, Chapter 15 "Statistics") - Normal distribution and bell curve (NCERT Class 12 Mathematics, Chapter 32 "Probability") - Z-score and standard error (NCERT Class 12 Mathematics, Chapter 32 "Probability")
**8. Experimental Design** - Planning and designing experiments: (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Controlling variables (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Repeating experiments and obtaining reliable results: (NCERT Class 12 Physics, Chapter 1 "Electric Charges and Fields")
**9. Calibration and Standardization** - Concept of calibration and standardization (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Calibration of measuring instruments (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 3 "Motion in a Straight Line") - Standardization of solutions (NCERT Class 12 Chemistry, Chapter 2 "Solutions")
**10. Data Analysis and Interpretation** - Analysis of experimental data (NCERT Class 12 Chemistry, Chapter 1 "Solid State") - Interpretation of results (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 1 "Physical World") - Drawing conclusions and making inferences (NCERT Class 11 Physics, Chapter 1 "Physical World")