Notes from Toppers
Detailed Notes on Forces on Bodies - Contact and Non-Contact Forces
(References: NCERT Books for Class 11th and 12th)
1. Contact Forces
(i) Friction
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
- Laws of friction:
- Limiting friction:
- Static and dynamic friction:
- Coefficient of friction:
- Kinetic friction:
- Static friction:
(ii) Tension
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
- Concept and characteristics of tension
- Tension in strings and ropes
- Applications of tension in pulley systems
(iii) Normal force
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
- Definition and properties of normal force
- Relationship between normal force and contact surfaces
- Applications of normal force in equilibrium and dynamics
2. Non-Contact Forces
(i) Gravitational Force
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
- Newton’s law of gravitation
- Gravitational constant
- Gravitational potential energy
- Motion of planets and satellites
- Applications in celestial mechanics
(ii) Electromagnetic Force
- [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 1]
- Electric forces:
- Coulomb’s law:
- Electric fields:
- Magnetic forces:
- Magnetic fields
- Applications in electromagnetism and motors
3. Interaction between Bodies
(i) Momentum and Impulse
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 9]
- Conservation laws:
- Collisions:
- Elastic and inelastic collisions:
- Applications in projectile motion
(ii) Work and Energy
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
- Concepts and principles of work and energy
- Kinetic energy and potential energy
- Conservation of energy
- Applications in mechanical systems
(iii) Power
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
- Definition and units of power
- Efficiency
- Applications of power in machines
4. Applications of Forces
(i) Equilibrium
- [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 6]
- Conditions for equilibrium
- Free body diagrams
- Applications in structural analysis
(ii) Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
- [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 5]
- Translational and rotational motion of rigid bodies
- Equations of motion
- Applications in mechanics and engineering
5. Fluid Dynamics
- [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 10]
- Fluid pressure
- Buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle
- Fluid flow and Bernoulli’s equation
- Applications in fluid mechanics and hydraulic systems