Notes from Toppers

Detailed Notes on Forces on Bodies - Contact and Non-Contact Forces

(References: NCERT Books for Class 11th and 12th)


1. Contact Forces

(i) Friction

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
  • Laws of friction:
    • Limiting friction:
    • Static and dynamic friction:
  • Coefficient of friction:
    • Kinetic friction:
    • Static friction:

(ii) Tension

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
  • Concept and characteristics of tension
  • Tension in strings and ropes
  • Applications of tension in pulley systems

(iii) Normal force

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 7]
  • Definition and properties of normal force
  • Relationship between normal force and contact surfaces
  • Applications of normal force in equilibrium and dynamics

2. Non-Contact Forces

(i) Gravitational Force

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
  • Newton’s law of gravitation
  • Gravitational constant
  • Gravitational potential energy
  • Motion of planets and satellites
  • Applications in celestial mechanics

(ii) Electromagnetic Force

  • [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 1]
  • Electric forces:
    • Coulomb’s law:
    • Electric fields:
  • Magnetic forces:
    • Magnetic fields
  • Applications in electromagnetism and motors

3. Interaction between Bodies

(i) Momentum and Impulse

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 9]
  • Conservation laws:
  • Collisions:
    • Elastic and inelastic collisions:
  • Applications in projectile motion

(ii) Work and Energy

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
  • Concepts and principles of work and energy
  • Kinetic energy and potential energy
  • Conservation of energy
  • Applications in mechanical systems

(iii) Power

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 8]
  • Definition and units of power
  • Efficiency
  • Applications of power in machines

4. Applications of Forces

(i) Equilibrium

  • [NCERT Physics Class 11, Chapter 6]
  • Conditions for equilibrium
  • Free body diagrams
  • Applications in structural analysis

(ii) Dynamics of Rigid Bodies

  • [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 5]
  • Translational and rotational motion of rigid bodies
  • Equations of motion
  • Applications in mechanics and engineering

5. Fluid Dynamics

  • [NCERT Physics Class 12, Chapter 10]
  • Fluid pressure
  • Buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle
  • Fluid flow and Bernoulli’s equation
  • Applications in fluid mechanics and hydraulic systems