Question:

The Giant saw a most wonderful sight. What did he see? What did he realise on seeing it?

Answer:

The Giant saw a beautiful rainbow in the sky. Upon seeing it, he realised that it was a sign of hope and good fortune.

Question:

Define sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.

Answer:

1. Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction is a mechanism that explains how muscles contract and generate force.

2. This theory states that when a muscle contracts, the thin filaments of the muscle (actin and myosin) slide past each other, causing the muscle to shorten and generate force.

3. This is made possible by the interaction between the myosin and actin filaments, which are held together by the binding of myosin heads to the actin filaments.

4. When a muscle is stimulated, the myosin heads bind to the actin filaments and pull them towards the center of the muscle, causing the muscle to shorten.

5. This process of contraction is repeated over and over, allowing the muscle to generate force and move the body.

Question:

State whether the given statement is true or false. Sternum is present on the ventral side of the body.

Answer:

True

Question:

Thin filament of myofibril contains 2 F actins and two other proteins namely ………. and ………..

Answer:

Answer: Myosin and Tropomyosin

Question:

In a muscle fibre, Ca ++ is stored in

Answer:

1. The sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is a specialized organelle found in muscle cells.

2. Calcium ions (Ca++) are transported from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm of the muscle cell when an action potential is received.

3. The calcium ions bind to troponin molecules, which are proteins located on the thin filaments of the muscle cell.

4. The binding of calcium ions to troponin molecules causes the thin filaments to slide past the thick filaments, resulting in muscle contraction.

Question:

Write the difference between: (a) Actin and Myosin (b) Red and White muscles (c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdle

Answer:

(a) Actin and Myosin: Actin and myosin are both proteins found in muscle cells. Actin is a structural protein that helps to form the muscle fiber, while myosin is a motor protein that helps the muscle to contract.

(b) Red and White muscles: Red muscles are composed of slow-twitch muscle fibers and are used for endurance activities. White muscles are composed of fast-twitch muscle fibers and are used for short, powerful activities.

(c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdle: The pectoral girdle is the structure of bones and muscles that connects the arms to the body. It includes the shoulder blades, collarbone, and ribs. The pelvic girdle is the structure of bones and muscles that connects the legs to the body. It includes the hip bones and sacrum.

Question:

Name the type of joint between carpal/metacarpal of a thumb.

Answer:

Answer: Saddle Joint

Question:

Name the type of joint between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle.

Answer:

Answer: Symphysis Pubis.

Question:

Describe the first meeting of the little boy and the Giant.

Answer:

1. The little boy was walking through a forest when he came across a giant.
2. The giant was very tall and intimidating, and the little boy was scared.
3. The giant noticed the little boy and smiled down at him.
4. The giant asked the little boy his name, and the little boy replied with a timid voice.
5. The giant then asked the little boy what he was doing in the forest, and the little boy explained that he was looking for his lost dog.
6. The giant then offered to help the little boy find his dog and the little boy happily accepted.
7. The giant and the little boy began searching the forest together, talking and laughing as they went.
8. After a few hours of searching, the giant and the little boy eventually found the lost dog and the little boy was overjoyed.
9. The giant smiled at the little boy and said goodbye before walking off into the forest.
10. The little boy thanked the giant for his help and waved goodbye before heading home with his dog.

Question:

Name the type of joint between the following. (a) Atlas/axis (b) Carpal/metacarpal of thumb (c) Between phalanges (d) Femur/acetabulum (e) Between cranial bones (f) Between pubic bones in the pelvic girdle

Answer:

(a) Synovial joint (b) Saddle joint (c) Condyloid joint (d) Ball-and-socket joint (e) Sutures (f) Symphysis

Question:

Why was it still winter in one corner of the garden?

Answer:

1. Analyze the question: What is being asked? The question is asking why it was still winter in one corner of the garden.

2. Gather relevant information: What facts are known about the situation? It is known that it is still winter in one corner of the garden.

3. Formulate a hypothesis: What could be the possible explanations for the situation? The possible explanations could be that the corner of the garden is in a shaded area and does not receive enough sunlight to thaw the snow, or that the corner of the garden is located in a colder climate and the temperatures have not yet risen enough to melt the snow.

4. Test the hypothesis: How can the hypothesis be tested? The hypothesis can be tested by measuring the temperature in the corner of the garden and observing how much sunlight the corner receives compared to other areas of the garden.

5. Draw a conclusion: What is the likely cause of the situation? The likely cause of the situation is that the corner of the garden is in a shaded area and does not receive enough sunlight to thaw the snow.

Question:

Name the type of joint between phalanges.

Answer:

Answer: The type of joint between phalanges is a hinge joint.

Question:

The cells of human body exhibits type of movement is A Amoeboid B Ciliary C Muscular D All of the above

Answer:

Answer: D All of the above

Question:

Differentiate between skeletal muscles. smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle (at least two points in each)

Answer:

Skeletal Muscles:

1. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, meaning that they can be consciously controlled.
2. Skeletal muscles are made up of multiple muscle fibers that are bundled together and attached to bones via tendons.

Smooth Muscle:

1. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle, meaning that it cannot be consciously controlled.
2. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of the hollow organs and vessels of the body and helps to regulate the flow of blood and other materials through these organs and vessels.

Cardiac Muscle:

1. Cardiac muscle is also an involuntary muscle, meaning that it cannot be consciously controlled.
2. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that pump blood throughout the body.

Question:

(a) All mammals (except a few) have ………… cervical vertebra. (b) The number of phalanges in each limb of human is ……….. (c) Thin filament of myofibril contains 2 F actins and two other proteins namely ………. and ……….. (d) In a muscle fibre, Ca ++ is stored in ……… (e) ……….. and …………. pairs of ribs are called floating ribs. (f) The human cranium is made up of ………. bones.

Answer:

(a) seven (b) fourteen (c) tropomyosin, troponin (d) sarcoplasmic reticulum (e) Eleventh, twelfth (f) twenty-two

Question:

Describe their second meeting after a long interval in ‘The Selfish Giant’

Answer:

1. After a long interval, the Giant and the children had their second meeting. The Giant had been away from the garden for seven years, and during that time the garden had become overgrown and wild.

2. When the Giant returned, he was surprised to see the children playing in the garden. He asked them why they were there, and the children explained that they had been coming to the garden every day since he had left.

3. The Giant was moved by their loyalty and asked them to stay. He then set about restoring the garden to its former glory. The children helped him, and together they planted flowers, trimmed the trees and shrubs, and built a fountain.

4. As the garden was restored, the Giant’s heart softened, and he became more caring and generous towards the children. He allowed them to play in the garden whenever they wanted and even gave them presents.

5. The Giant and the children’s second meeting was a happy one, and it marked the beginning of a new friendship between them. The Giant had learned from his mistake and was now a kinder and more generous person.

Question:

Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.

Answer:

Sarcomere of Skeletal Muscle Diagram:

1. Draw a rectangle to represent the sarcomere.

2. Draw two thick lines across the rectangle to represent the Z lines.

3. Draw thin lines between the Z lines to represent the actin filaments.

4. Draw thick lines between the actin filaments to represent the myosin filaments.

5. Label the region between the Z lines as the ‘I Band’.

6. Label the region between the two myosin filaments as the ‘A Band’.

7. Label the region in the centre of the A Band as the ‘H Zone’.

8. Label the region of overlap between the actin and myosin filaments as the ‘M Line’.

Question:

Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (a) Actin is present in thin filament. (b) H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents both thick and thin filaments. (c) Human skeleton has 206 bones. (d) There are 11 pairs of ribs in man. (e) Sternum is present on the ventral side of the body.

Answer:

(a) True (b) False - H-zone of striated muscle fibre represents only thin filaments. (c) True (d) False - There are 12 pairs of ribs in man. (e) True

Question:

Distinguish between pectoral and pelvic girdle.

Answer:

Step 1: Understand the definition of a pectoral girdle and a pelvic girdle.

Step 2: Identify the similarities and differences between the two types of girdles.

Step 3: Explain the purpose of each type of girdle.

Step 4: Compare and contrast the anatomy of the pectoral and pelvic girdles.

Step 5: Describe how the two girdles work together to support the body and enable movement.

Question:

The number of phalanges in each limb of human is

Answer:

Step 1: Determine the definition of phalanges. Phalanges are the bones in the fingers and toes.

Step 2: Count the number of bones in each limb. There are 14 phalanges in each arm (2 in each finger and thumb, and 2 in the wrist) and 10 phalanges in each leg (2 in each toe, and 2 in the ankle).

Question:

Name the type of joint between cranial bones.

Answer:

Answer: The type of joint between cranial bones is a suture joint.

Question:

Match the following Column I Column II Smooth muscle Myoglobin Tropomyosin Thin filament Red muscle Sutures Skull Involuntary

Answer:

1. Smooth muscle - Involuntary
2. Tropomyosin - Thin filament
3. Red muscle - Myoglobin
4. Skull - Sutures