Question:

Why is the Giant called selfish?

Answer:

1. Determine what is meant by the term ‘Giant’.

2. Research the common characteristics of giants in folklore and mythology.

3. Identify any stories or tales that feature a giant who is considered to be selfish.

4. Analyze the story or tale to determine why the giant is considered to be selfish.

Question:

On one occasion the children said: “How happy we are here!” Later they said: “How happy we were there!” What are they referring to in both the cases?

Answer:

1. First, it is necessary to determine what the children are referring to in both cases.

2. The children are likely referring to two different places, as they said “here” and “there” in both statements.

3. Therefore, the children are referring to two different locations in both statements.

Question:

What is the function of liver?

Answer:

Step 1: Understand the question. The question is asking what the purpose of the liver is.

Step 2: Research the answer. The liver is a vital organ in the human body that performs many important functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. It also stores energy in the form of glycogen and helps regulate blood clotting.

Question:

Answer briefly: a) Why are villi present in the intestine and not in the stomach? b) How does pepsinogen change into its active form? c) What are the basic layers of the wall of alimentary canal? d) How does bile help in the digestion of fats?

Answer:

a) Villi are present in the intestine to increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. They are not present in the stomach because the stomach is primarily responsible for breaking down food and does not require a large surface area for absorption.

b) Pepsinogen is changed into its active form, pepsin, when it is exposed to hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

c) The basic layers of the wall of the alimentary canal are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa.

d) Bile helps in the digestion of fats by emulsifying them, which breaks them down into smaller droplets so that they can be more easily digested by enzymes.

Question:

Describe the process of digestion of proteins in the stomach.

Answer:

1. When proteins enter the stomach, the stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) begins to break down the proteins into smaller pieces.

2. The stomach acid also activates enzymes such as pepsin, which further break down the proteins into smaller pieces called peptides.

3. The peptides are then transported through the stomach lining into the small intestine.

4. Once in the small intestine, enzymes called proteases are released from the pancreas to further break down the peptides into individual amino acids.

5. The amino acids are then absorbed through the small intestine and into the bloodstream, where they can be used by the body for energy and other functions.

Question:

Give the dental formula of adult human beings.

Answer:

Answer: The dental formula of adult human beings is: 2 (Incisors - 8) 2 (Canines - 4) 2 (Premolars - 8) 3 (Molars - 12) Total = 32

Question:

Name different types of teeth and their number in an adult human.

Answer:

1. Incisors: 8 (4 on the top, 4 on the bottom)
2. Canines: 4 (2 on the top, 2 on the bottom)
3. Premolars: 8 (4 on the top, 4 on the bottom)
4. Molars: 12 (6 on the top, 6 on the bottom)

Question:

Choose the correct answer among the following: (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase, and rennin (ii) trypsin, lipase, and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin, and lipase (iv) trypsin, pepsin, and renin (b) Succus entericus is the name given to (i) a junction between the ileum and large intestine (ii) intestinal juice (iii) swelling in the neck (iv) appendix

Answer:

Answer: (a) (iii) trypsin, pepsin, and lipase (b) (ii) intestinal juice

Question:

How does butter in your food get digested and absorbed in the body?

Answer:

1. The butter is broken down in the stomach by enzymes, such as lipase and protease, into fatty acids and glycerol.

2. The fatty acids and glycerol are then absorbed by the small intestine.

3. The fatty acids are then transported to the liver where they are further broken down and used to produce energy or stored as fat.

4. The glycerol is absorbed and used by the body as an energy source.

5. The fatty acids and glycerol are then transported to the cells throughout the body where they are used for energy or stored as fat.

Question:

What one throws away as waste may be valuable to others. Do you find this sentence meaningful in the context of this story ‘Children at work’? How?

Answer:

1. Yes, this sentence is meaningful in the context of the story ‘Children at Work’. This is because the story discusses how children are often employed to do dangerous and difficult tasks, such as collecting garbage, for very little pay. The sentence is suggesting that what is considered waste by some may be valuable to others, such as these children who are able to make money by collecting it.

2. This idea is further highlighted in the story when the protagonist, a young girl named Mala, finds a valuable item in the garbage that she is able to sell. This demonstrates how even the most seemingly worthless items can be of value to those who are willing to look for it.

3. Therefore, the sentence ‘What one throws away as waste may be valuable to others’ is meaningful in the context of the story ‘Children at Work’ as it highlights how even the most seemingly worthless items can be of value to those who are willing to look for it.

Question:

What would happen if HCl was not secreted in the stomach?

Answer:

1. If HCl was not secreted in the stomach, then the stomach would not be able to break down food and absorb nutrients properly.

2. This would lead to indigestion, bloating, and other digestive issues, as well as an increased risk of food-borne illnesses.

3. Additionally, HCl helps to create an acidic environment in the stomach, which is necessary for killing bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that may be present in food. Without HCl, these organisms could survive and cause infection.

Question:

What are the functions of liver?

Answer:

1. The main functions of the liver are to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before it passes to the rest of the body; to produce bile, which helps to break down fats in the small intestine; to store and release glucose, which provides energy to the body; to produce proteins and clotting factors; to detoxify chemicals and metabolize drugs; and to store vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.

2. The liver also plays an important role in metabolism, the process by which the body converts food into energy and stores it for future use. It helps to break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and it also helps to regulate the body’s levels of cholesterol and other substances.

3. The liver is also responsible for producing hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, which help to regulate blood sugar levels, and it helps to regulate the body’s immune system. Additionally, the liver helps to break down toxins and other harmful substances, such as alcohol and drugs, before they can enter the bloodstream.

4. Finally, the liver helps to protect the body against infection by producing antibodies that fight off bacteria and viruses.

Question:

Match column I with column II. Column I Column II (a) Bilirubin and biliverdin (i) Parotid (b) Hydrolysis of starch (ii) Bile (c) Digestion of fat (iii) Lipases (d) Salivary gland (iv) Amylases A a- i, b- ii, c- iii, d- iv B a- ii, b- i, c- iv, d- iii C a- ii, b- iv, c- iii, d- i D a- iv, b- iii, c- ii, d- i

Answer:

Answer: D a- iv, b- iii, c- ii, d- i

Question:

Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. Why?

Answer:

1. Bile juice is important for digestion because it helps to emulsify fats in the small intestine. This means that it breaks down large fat molecules into smaller ones, which can then be more easily absorbed by the body.

2. Bile juice also helps to neutralize the acidity of stomach acid that has been released into the small intestine. This helps to create an environment that is more conducive to the action of digestive enzymes, which are necessary for the digestion of food.

3. Bile juice also helps to move food through the small intestine, which is necessary for proper digestion. In addition, bile juice helps to stimulate the release of digestive enzymes and hormones that are necessary for efficient digestion.

Question:

Describe the digestive role of chymotrypsin. Which two other digestive enzymes of the same category are secreted by its source gland?

Answer:

1. Chymotrypsin is an enzyme produced in the pancreas and is part of the digestive process. It helps to break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, which can be absorbed and used by the body.

2. Chymotrypsin is part of a group of enzymes called proteases, which are responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller components. Two other proteases secreted by the pancreas are trypsin and elastase.

Question:

How are polysaccharides and disaccharides digested?

Answer:

1. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of multiple monosaccharides. They are digested by enzymes breaking down the bonds between the monosaccharides, releasing them into the bloodstream.

2. Disaccharides are simple carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides. They are digested by enzymes breaking down the bond between the two monosaccharides, releasing them into the bloodstream.

Question:

Discuss the main steps in the digestion of proteins as the food passes through different parts of the alimentary canal.

Answer:

1. Ingestion: The process of eating and swallowing food begins the digestion of proteins.

2. Stomach: In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes break down proteins into smaller peptides.

3. Small Intestine: The small intestine is the primary site for the digestion and absorption of proteins. Here, pancreatic enzymes break down the peptides into amino acids and small peptides, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

4. Large Intestine: The large intestine absorbs any remaining water and electrolytes from the digested proteins. The undigested proteins are then passed out of the body as waste.

Question:

Explain the role of pancreatic juice in digestion.

Answer:

1. The role of pancreatic juice in digestion is to break down food into small molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

2. Pancreatic juice is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

3. It contains bicarbonate, which helps neutralize stomach acid and helps to break down proteins.

4. Pancreatic juice also contains amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars, lipase which breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, and trypsin and chymotrypsin which break down proteins into amino acids.

5. These small molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream, providing the body with the nutrients it needs.

Question:

Explain the term thecodont and diphyodont.

Answer:

1. The term ’thecodont’ refers to a type of tooth arrangement in which teeth are set in sockets in the jawbone.

2. ‘Diphyodont’ refers to a type of tooth arrangement in which two sets of teeth are present in the jawbone. The first set, known as the deciduous teeth or baby teeth, are replaced by the permanent teeth in the second set.

Question:

Name different types of teeth and their number in and adult human.

Answer:

1. Incisors: 8 (4 on top and 4 on bottom)
2. Canines: 4 (2 on top and 2 on bottom)
3. Premolars: 8 (4 on top and 4 on bottom)
4. Molars: 12 (6 on top and 6 on bottom)