Question:

Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion?

Answer:

Step 1: Understand the meaning of ‘intracellular’ and ’extracellular’. Intracellular digestion is the process of breaking down food molecules within the cells of an organism. Extracellular digestion is the process of breaking down food molecules outside the cells of an organism.

Step 2: Understand the differences between intracellular and extracellular digestion. Intracellular digestion requires enzymes that are produced within the cells, while extracellular digestion requires enzymes that are produced outside the cells. Intracellular digestion is used for the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, while extracellular digestion is used for the breakdown of large molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. Intracellular digestion occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, while extracellular digestion occurs in the digestive tract.

Step 3: Summarize the differences between intracellular and extracellular digestion. Intracellular digestion is the process of breaking down food molecules within the cells of an organism, while extracellular digestion is the process of breaking down food molecules outside the cells of an organism. Intracellular digestion requires enzymes that are produced within the cells, while extracellular digestion requires enzymes that are produced outside the cells. Intracellular digestion is used for the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, while extracellular digestion is used for the breakdown of large molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. Intracellular digestion occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, while extracellular digestion occurs in the digestive tract.

Question:

What are the reasons that you can think for the arthropods to constitute the largest group of the animal kingdom?

Answer:

1. Arthropods have a hard exoskeleton which provides them protection from predators and environmental conditions.

2. Arthropods have a segmented body which allows them to move quickly and efficiently.

3. Arthropods can reproduce quickly due to their short life cycles.

4. Arthropods have a wide range of habitats and can adapt to different environments.

5. Arthropods have an open circulatory system which allows them to respire and circulate nutrients more efficiently.

6. Arthropods have a variety of sensory organs which help them to detect changes in their environment and quickly respond to them.

Question:

Water vascular system is the characteristic of which group among the following: (a) Porifera (b) Ctenophora (c) Echinodermata (d) Chordata

Answer:

Answer: (c) Echinodermata

Question:

All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates. Justify the statement.

Answer:

1. Chordates are animals that possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and an endostyle during some part of their life cycle.

2. Vertebrates are a subgroup of chordates that possess a backbone or spinal column, which provides structural support for the body and helps protect the spinal cord.

3. Therefore, all vertebrates are chordates, because they possess all the characteristics of chordates, plus the additional characteristic of a backbone or spinal column.

4. However, not all chordates are vertebrates, because some chordates do not possess a backbone or spinal column.

Question:

Segmentation in the body is first observed in which of the following? (a) Platyhelminthes (b) Aschelminthes (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda

Answer:

Answer: (a) Platyhelminthes

Question:

Prepare a list of some animals that are found parasitic to human beings.

Answer:

Step 1: Research animals that are parasitic to human beings.

Step 2: Make a list of the animals found.

Step 3: Organize the list in alphabetical order or by type of animal.

Question:

What are the modifications in birds that help them fly?

Answer:

Step 1: Understand the question.

Step 2: Research the modifications in birds that help them fly.

Step 3: Identify the modifications in birds that help them fly.

Step 4: Summarize the modifications in birds that help them fly.

Question:

Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother be equal? Why?

Answer:

1. No, the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother cannot be equal.

2. This is because oviparous mothers lay eggs, which then hatch into young ones, while viviparous mothers give birth to live young ones. Since the two processes are different, the number of eggs or young ones produced by each mother cannot be equal.

Question:

Match the following : (a) Operculum (i) Ctenophora

Answer:

Answer: (a) Operculum (i) Ctenophora

Question:

(b) Parapodia (ii) Mollusca (c) Comb plates (iii) Porifera (d) Radula (iv) Reptilia (e) Hairs (v) Annelida (f) Choanocytes (vi) Cyclostomata and Chondrichthyes (g) Gill slits (vii) Mammalia (h) Scales (viii) Osteichthyes

Answer:

(b) Parapodia (i) Annelida (c) Comb plates (iii) Porifera (d) Radula (v) Annelida (e) Hairs (vii) Mammalia (f) Choanocytes (vi) Cyclostomata and Chondrichthyes (g) Gill slits (viii) Osteichthyes (h) Scales (ii) Mollusca

Question:

What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account?

Answer:

1. Difficulty in distinguishing between different species of animals: Without common fundamental features, it would be difficult to distinguish between different species of animals, as each species has its own unique characteristics.

2. Difficulty in grouping animals into categories: Without common fundamental features, it would be difficult to group animals into categories, as each species may have different features that are not shared by other species.

3. Difficulty in identifying animals: Without common fundamental features, it would be difficult to identify animals, as each species may have different features that are not shared by other species.

4. Difficulty in accurately predicting behavior: Without common fundamental features, it would be difficult to accurately predict the behavior of animals, as each species may have different behavioral patterns.

Question:

Differentiate between direct and indirect development.

Answer:

Step 1: Understand the definition of direct and indirect development. Direct development is a process in which a product or service is developed from scratch, while indirect development is a process in which an existing product or service is modified or adapted to meet the needs of a new market.

Step 2: Identify the differences between the two processes. Direct development requires more time and resources, since it involves creating a product or service from the ground up, while indirect development is quicker and more cost-effective, since it involves modifying or adapting an existing product or service.

Step 3: Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each process. Direct development is more likely to lead to a unique and innovative product or service, while indirect development is more likely to lead to a product or service that is similar to existing products or services. Direct development is also more costly and time-consuming, while indirect development is more cost-effective and quicker.

Question:

How important is the presence of air bladder in Pisces?

Answer:

Step 1: Understand the definition of air bladder.

Step 2: Research how air bladder is important for Pisces.

Step 3: Analyze the role of air bladder in Pisces’ survival and adaptation.

Step 4: Draw conclusions about the importance of air bladder in Pisces.

Question:

If you are given a specimen, what are the steps that you would follow to classify it?

Answer:

1. Observe the specimen closely and record its physical characteristics, such as size, shape, color, texture, and any other distinguishing features.

2. Compare the specimen to known specimens of the same type and determine if it matches any previously classified specimens.

3. If it does not match any known specimens, research the characteristics of the specimen to determine its scientific name and classification.

4. Research the scientific name and classification of the specimen to determine its place in the scientific classification system.

5. Record the scientific name and classification of the specimen in a scientific journal or other appropriate publication.

Question:

How useful is the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom in the classification of animals?

Answer:

1. The study of the nature of body cavity and coelom is an important tool in the classification of animals.

2. This is because the type of body cavity and coelom an animal has can be used to distinguish between different phyla and classes of animals.

3. For example, animals with a true coelom, such as mollusks, are classified as protostomes, while animals without a true coelom, such as arthropods, are classified as deuterostomes.

4. Additionally, the type of body cavity can also be used to classify animals. For example, animals with a pseudocoelom, such as nematodes, are classified as pseudocoelomates, while animals with a schizocoelom, such as flatworms, are classified as schizocoelomates.

5. Therefore, the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom is highly useful in the classification of animals.

Question:

What are the peculiar features that you find in parasitic platyhelminthes?

Answer:

1. Research the general characteristics of parasitic platyhelminthes.
2. Identify any unique or unusual features that set them apart from other organisms.
3. Analyze the scientific literature to learn more about the peculiar features of parasitic platyhelminthes.
4. Consider the body structure, life cycle, and behavior of parasitic platyhelminthes to determine their peculiar features.
5. Summarize the peculiar features that you find in parasitic platyhelminthes.