Question:

State the location and function of different types of meristematic tissues in plants.

Answer:

1. Apical Meristem: Apical meristem is located at the tips of stems and roots and it is responsible for the elongation of the plant body and the formation of new branches.

2. Lateral Meristem: Lateral meristem is located at the sides of stems and roots and it is responsible for the increase in girth and the formation of secondary tissues.

3. Intercalary Meristem: Intercalary meristem is located at the internodes of plants and it is responsible for the growth of internodes and the formation of leaves.

Question:

What is a periderm? How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems?

Answer:

A. What is a periderm? Answer: Periderm is a protective tissue that is formed on the surface of a plant stem or root in response to physical damage or other environmental stresses. It consists of three layers: the cork cambium, the phellogen, and the phellem.

B. How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems? Answer: Periderm formation in dicot stems takes place when the cork cambium, a layer of cells that lies beneath the epidermis, begins to divide and form new cells. These cells are arranged in a circular pattern and form the phellem, which is the outermost layer of the periderm. The phellogen, which lies beneath the phellem, is responsible for producing the cork cells. The phellogen also produces the phelloderm, which is the innermost layer of the periderm and is made up of thin-walled cells. The cork cells produced by the phellogen are thick-walled and waterproof, providing protection against physical damage and environmental stresses.

Question:

Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.

Answer:

Yes, I agree with this statement. The cork cambium is a layer of cells located between the bark and wood of a tree. It produces new layers of cells that form the cork. The cork cambium produces two types of cells: the outer layer of cells, called the phellem, which makes up the cork, and the inner layer of cells, called the phellogen, which helps to protect the tree from disease and other environmental damage. The cork cambium is responsible for forming the cork, which is a protective layer that helps the tree to conserve water and protect itself from pests.

Question:

Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.

Answer:

1. The three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants are:

i. Dermal Tissue System: Epidermis, Cuticle, and Trichomes

ii. Vascular Tissue System: Xylem and Phloem

iii. Ground Tissue System: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma

Question:

Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms with the help of schematic diagrams. What is its significance?

Answer:

Step 1: Secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms is the process of growth that occurs after the primary growth of the stem has been completed. This process involves the development of secondary tissues such as secondary xylem and secondary phloem, which are responsible for providing structural support and transporting nutrients throughout the plant.

Step 2: A schematic diagram of secondary growth in the stem of a woody angiosperm can be seen below. This diagram shows the different layers of the stem and how they interact with each other during the process of secondary growth.

Step 3: The primary growth of the stem is responsible for the initial formation of the stem, while the secondary growth is responsible for the thickening and strengthening of the stem. This process is important for the plant to be able to support its own weight and resist physical damage. It also helps to increase the stem’s water-holding capacity, which is important for the plant’s survival in dry conditions.

Step 4: The significance of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms is that it helps to provide structural support and transport nutrients throughout the plant. This process also helps the plant to survive in dry conditions by increasing the stem’s water-holding capacity.

Question:

Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between (a) Monocot root and dicot root (b) Monocot stem and dicot stem

Answer:

a) Monocot root vs dicot root Step 1: Draw the basic outline of a monocot root and a dicot root.

Step 2: Draw the cross-section of the monocot root and the dicot root. Monocot roots have a circular cross-section, while dicot roots have a tapering cross-section.

Step 3: Draw the root hairs of the monocot root and the dicot root. Monocot roots have few root hairs, while dicot roots have many root hairs.

Step 4: Draw the vascular bundles of the monocot root and the dicot root. Monocot roots have scattered vascular bundles, while dicot roots have a ring of vascular bundles.

b) Monocot stem vs dicot stem Step 1: Draw the basic outline of a monocot stem and a dicot stem.

Step 2: Draw the cross-section of the monocot stem and the dicot stem. Monocot stems have a circular cross-section, while dicot stems have a ridged cross-section.

Step 3: Draw the vascular bundles of the monocot stem and the dicot stem. Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles, while dicot stems have a ring of vascular bundles.

Step 4: Draw the nodes and internodes of the monocot stem and the dicot stem. Monocot stems have few nodes and long internodes, while dicot stems have many nodes and short internodes.

Question:

How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?

Answer:

1. The study of plant anatomy helps us to understand how plants are structured and how they function.

2. This knowledge can be used to identify different species of plants, identify the parts of a plant, and understand how the plant grows.

3. The study of plant anatomy also helps us to understand how the environment affects the growth and development of plants.

4. This knowledge can be used to improve crop yields, develop new varieties of plants, and create new products from plants.

5. Finally, the study of plant anatomy can help us to understand how plants interact with their environment and how they can be used to help us in our everyday lives.

Question:

The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features: (a) The vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. (b) Phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?

Answer:

Step 1: Identify the anatomical features mentioned in the question.

Step 2: Analyze the features and compare them with known plant anatomy.

Step 3: Based on the features mentioned, identify the plant material as a dicotyledon.