Answer

Answer is (b) Sclerenchyma

Explanation:

Parenchyma

Living tissues with thin cellwall with central vacuole and dense cytoplasm. Parenchyma cells are located in the soft parts of the plants such as pith and cortex.

Sclerenchyma

These are dead tissue which have thick cellwall due to deposition of lignin. They are generally located in the leaf veins, hard coverings of the seeds and can also be found surrounding the vascular bundle.

Collenchyma

Living tissues which have an elongated shape and thick cellwall in the corner. Collenchyma tissue can be located in the leaf stalks, below the epidermis etc.

Epithelial tissues

Epithelial tissues are the covering or protective tissues in the animal body. Allmost every organs and cavities are covered by Epithelium.

Answer

Answer is (a) Parenchymatous tissues have intercellular spaces

Explanation:

Parenchymatous tissues have intercellular spaces is a wrong statement. Parenchyma act as a packing tissue in plants hence they do not have intercellular spaces. Collenchymatous tissues have intercellular spaces.

Answer

Answer is (b) lateral meristem

Answer

Answer is (a) Tracheids

Answer

Answer is (b) Columnar epithelium

Explanation:

Columnar epithelium are pillar like cells which have nuclei towards their base. Columnar epithelium forms the lining of stomach, small intestine and colon, forming the mucous membrane. They facilitate movement across the epithelial barrier. Their main function is absorption and secretion.

Answer

Answer is (c) Ligament break

Explanation:

Dislocation of bones occurs when joints held by ligaments get separated.

Tendons joins skeletal muscle and they cause inflammation upon break.

Break of skeletal muscle cannot be the reason of bone dislocation as bones are joined by ligaments.

Areolar tissues are found around muscles, nerves and blood vessels hence they are not connected with bone dislocation.

Answer

Answer is (d) Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones

Explanation:

While doing work and running, you move your organs like hands, legs etc, skeletal muscles contract and they pull the tendon, connecting muscles to bones. This will make bones to move and they do not pull the ligament as that will cause a sprain or stretch.

Answer

Answer is (b) (ii) and (iii)

Explanation:

Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles which are also striated muscles hence the answer should be cardiac muscles which are smooth muscles.

Answer

Answer is (c) localised and dividing cells

Explanation:

Meristamatic tissues in plants are the dividing cell which are responsible for plant growth in certain specific region. meristematic tissues are classified as apical, lateral and intercalary based on their location.

Answer

Answer is (c) Conduction of water

Explanation:

Conduction of water is a function of Xylem tissue whereas protection, gaseous exchange and transpiration are the function of epidermis.

Answer

Answer is Tendons are non-fibrous tissue and fragile

Explanation:

Tendons are fibrous tissues which are highly elastic and strong.

Answer

Answer is (c) kidney

Explanation :

Cartilage is a connective tissue which provide support and flexibility to various parts of our body. Cartilage is found in nose, ear, larynx but not in kidney.

Renal tubules and corpuscles in the kidney are formed by Cuboidal epithelium tissue.

Answer

Answer is (b) adipose tissue

Explanation:

Adipose tissue present below the skin and between internal organs stores fat. Cells in these tissues are filled with fat globules. Fat storage acts as insulator.

Answer

Answer is (b) calcium and phosphorus

Answer

Answer is (c) muscles

Explanation:

Muscles cells has contractile proteins in them. These proteins are responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscles.

Answer

Answer is (b) limbs

Explanation:

We can move some muscles by conscious will. Muscles present in our limbs can move at our will, and stop when we so decide. Such muscles are called voluntary muscles. On the other hand alimentary canal, iris of the eye and bronchi of lungs has involuntary muscles.

Answer

Answer is (c) tendons

Explanation:

Connective tissue which connects muscles to bones are tendons. They are fibrous in nature and gives strength and limkited flexibility.

Answer

Answer is(c) tendons

Explanation:

Neurons do not contain tendons as they are connective tissues that join skeletal muscles to bones.

Answer

Answer is (c) Areolar

Explanation:

Areolar connective tissue is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow. It fills the space inside the organs, supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissues.

Areolar tissue located between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow. Areolar tissue fills the space inside the organs and supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissue.

Answer

Answer is (b) cardiac muscle

Explanation:

Heart muscles are cylindrical, branched and uninucleate which show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout life. Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and voluntary muscles work as and when required.

Answer

Answer is (d) Chondrocytes

Explanation :

Mast cells are found in areolar tissue.

Basophils are found in blood

Osteocytes are found in bone.

Answer

Answer is (b) phloem fibres

Explanation:

Phloem fibres possess narrow lumen and they are thick walled, elongated spindle shaped dead cells. They provides mechanical support to the tissue. Phloem parenchyma are thin walled-living cells of parenchyma. They have two functions, storage and lateral food conduction. Except phloem fibres, other phloem cells are living cells.

Answer

Answer is (a) Companion cells

Answer

Answer is (a) cuticle

Explanation:

Cuticle is a protective layer covering epidermis of leaf. Young shoots and other aerial parts of a plant. It contains lipids and polymers impregnated with wax. This minimizes the effect of heat and reduces the loss of water.

Answer

Answer is (d) xylem vessels

Explanation:

Collenchyma is an active tissue which has no role in conduction of water. Parenchyma is a supportive tissue. Xylem vessels which are also known as xylem trachea are responsible for conduction of water in plants.

Answer

Answer is (d) intercalary meristem

Explanation:

Stem located at the base of leaves or nodes and leads to the increase in the length of an organ such as leaves and internodes is intercalary meristem. They are responsible for the longitudinal growth of the plant hence length of the sugarcane keep on increasing.

Answer

Answer is (c) remain at the same position

Explanation:

Longitudinal growth in the stem always takes place on the top hence apical meristem in the below region remains constant hence there will be no change in position of nail inserted in the trunk of tree.

Answer

Answer is (a) relatively unspecified and thin walled

Explanation:

Parenchyma is the most common simple permanent tissue. It consists of relatively unspecialised cells with thin cell walls. They are living cells. They are usually loosely arranged, thus large spaces between cells (intercellular spaces) are found in this tissue.

Answer

Answer is (d) collenchyma

The flexibility in plants is due to collenchyma. Collenchyma allows bending of various parts of a plant like tendrils and stems of climbers without breaking. It also provides mechanical support. Collenchyma is found in leaf stalks below the epidermis.

Answer

Answer is (c) suberin

Answer

Answer is (b) conducting tissue

Explanation:

Conducting tissues called and Xylem and Phloem are responsible for the survival of plants in terrestrial environment. Xylem conduct water from roots to all the parts of the plants and phloem transports foods and other nutrients from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Answer

Answer is (c) Epithelial tissues have intercellular spaces between them

Explanation:

Epithelial tissues do not have intercellular spaces between them rather they are tightly bound together to make continuous sheet.

Answer

Answer is (c) tracheids

Explanation:

Vessels are generally absent in Gymnosperms

Sieve tubes are present in phloem hence they have no role in conduction of water

Xylem fibres provide structural rigidity and they have no role in conduction of water.

Answer

Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have thicker layer of subcutaneous fat because fats acts as insulator and prevent escape of heat from their body. This will help the animals in resisting low temperature in cold climates.

Answer

Answer

Answer

Because of a process called as transpiration vapours appear on the glass jar if a potted plant is covered with glass jar.

Answer

Xylem comprises of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. The only living component of xylem is xylem parenchyma.

Answer

Answer

a) True

b) True

c) Epithelial cells have a lot of intercellular spaces.

d) True

e) False

Answer

Answer

a-v, b-iv, c-v, d-iv

(a) Jumping of frog - is an activity of voluntary muscles

(b) Pumping of the heart- is a function of involuntary muscles

(c) Writing with hand- is a function of voluntary muscles

(d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine- is a function of involuntary muscles

Answer

(a) Lining of blood vessels is made up of squamous epithelium

(b) Lining of small intestine is made up of columnar epithelium

(c) Lining of kidney tubules is made up of cuboidal epithelium

(d) Epithelial cells with cilia are found in respiratory tract of our body

Answer

Water hyacinth float on water surface because of the presence of the air cavities present in the parenchyma tissue.

Answer

Epidermis is the structure that protects the plant body against the invasion of parasites. It has thick cuticle and dermal tissue which help in preventing attack from parasites.

Answer

(a) Cork cells possesses Suberin on their walls that makes it impervious to gases and water.

(b) Sieve tubes have tubular cells with perforated walls and are living in nature.

(c) Bone possesses a hard matrix composed of calcium and Phosphorus.

Answer

Epidermis is important for it gives protection against water loss. Epidrmal cell present on the aerial parts of the plant often secrete a waxy, water resistant layer on their outer surface. This provides protection against loss of water, mechanical injury and invasion by parasitic fungi. Epidermal tissue forms a continuous layer which helps to avoid mechanical stress.

Answer

(a) Xylem and Phloem

(b) Stomata

(c) Suberin

(d) Sclenchyma

(e) Collenchyma

(f) Xylem;Phloem

(g) Water and minerals

(h) Food, leaf

Answer

Answer

Epithelial cells are the thin protective coverings that line most organs and cavities within the body. It also forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate. The skin, the lining of the mouth, the lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli and kidney tubules are all made of epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue cells are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet.

They have only a small amount of cementing material between them and almost no intercellular spaces. Obviously, anything entering or leaving the body must cross at least one layer of epithelium. As a result, the permeability of the cells of various epithelia play an important role in regulating the exchange of materials between the body and the external environment and also between different parts of the body. Regardless of the type, all epithelium is usually separated from the underlying tissue by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane.

Epithelial cells are the protective coverings that line most organs and cavities of our body. Epithelial cells form a barrier that keeps different body systems separate. Skin, lining of blood vessels, alveoli of lung, kidney tubles etc are made of epithelial tissue. Cells in the epithelial tissue are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet.

Epithelial tissue have only a small amount of cementing material between them and almost no intercellular spaces. It is obvious that anything entering or leaving the body must cross at least one layer of epithelium. This results in the permeability of the cells of various epithelia to play an important role in regulating the exchange of materials between the body and the external environment and between different parts of the body.

Epithelium is usually separated from the underlying tissue by an extracellular fibrous basement membrane.

Depending on the shape and function, epithelial cells are classified into a) Squamous epithelial tissue b) Stratified squamous epithelial tissue c) Cuboidal epithelial tissue d) Columnar( Ciliated) epithelial tissue.

a) Squamous epithelial tissue

In cells lining blood vessels or lung alveoli transportation of substances occurs through a selectively permeable surface, this epithelium is a flat kind of epithelium. This is called the simple squamous epithelium Simple squamous epithelial cells are extremely thin and flat and form a delicate lining. The oesophagus and the lining of the mouth are also covered with squamous epithelium. The skin, which protects the body, is also made of squamous epithelium. Skin epithelial cells are arranged in many layers to prevent wear and tear. Since they are arranged in a pattern of layers, the epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium.

b) Stratified squamous epithelium: Skin epithelial cells are arranged in many layers to prevent wear and tear. Since, they are arranged in a pattern of layers, the epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium.

c) Columnar epithelium: Where absorption and secretion occur, as in the inner lining of the intestine, these tall epithelial cells are present. This columnar epithelial facilitates movement across the epithelial barrier. In the respiratory tract, the columnar epithelial tissue also has cilia, which are hair-like projections on the outer surfaces of epithelial cells. These cilia can move and their movement pushes the mucus forward to clear it. This type of epithelium is thus ciliated columnar epithelium.

d) Cuboidal epithelium: These form the lining of the kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands where these provide mechanical support. Sometimes, a portion of the epithelial tissue folds inward and a multicellular gland is formed. This is glandular epithelium.

Simple squamous epithelium $\hspace{25 mm} $ Stratified squamous epithelium

Columnar epithelium $\hspace{25 mm} $ Cuboidal epithelium

Answer

TYPES OF MUSCLES IN HUMAN BODY

Answer

a) Meristamatic tissue cells are continuously dividing and they have prominent nucleus and a dese cytoplasm. Since they are diving rigorously they need not store food or waste products hence they lack vacuoles.

b) Cellwall of sclerenchyma are lignified and are packed densely to protect the plant and to give mechanical strength hence intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchymatous tissues.

c) In pear fruit sclerenchyma cells are called stone cells. They are small, thick and hard. Because of this We get a crunchy and granular feeling, when we chew pear fruit.

d) Junction of the tree branch composed of collenchyma cells which provide rigidity and flexibility to the branches. Hence Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity. e) Husk of coconut tree is sclerenchyma which is hard. Hence it is difficult to pull out the husk of a coconut tree.

Answer

• Cork cells are mature and dead
• They are compactly arranged
• They do not have intercellular spaces
• They are thick and have several layers.

Outer protective tissue of the plant undergoes changes with age. Epidermis of the stem is replace by a secondary meristem call phellogen or cork cambium .It is a simple tissue which consists of rectangular cells whose protoplasts are vacuolated. Cork cells contains tanins and chloroplasts.

Cork cambium forms cork on the outer side and secondary cortex on the inner side by giving off new cells on both its sides. The layer of cells which is cut by cork cambium on the outer side ultimately becomes several layered thick cork (bark) of trees.

Cork cells are compactly arranged dead cells and they lack intercellular spaces. Walls of cork cells are thickened with suberin which is fat. Because of Suberin these cells are impermeable to water and gases.

Role of cork

Cork provides protection to plant and it prevents loss of water from plant body. Cork protects the plants from infection and mechanical injury. Cork is light in weight and it cannot catch fire. Because of this property it is used as insulators. Cork is hard in nature hence it is used to make sports goods.

Answer

A complex tissue is the one which has more than one type of cells having a common origin which coordinate to perform a common function.

Xylem and phloem are made of different types of cells hence they are called complex tissues.

Xylem is made up of four different types of cells (elements), namely

(i)tracheids- Tracheids are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts.

(ii)vessels- A vessel element (trachea) is one of the cell types found in xylem, the water conducting tissue of plants. Vessel elements are found in flowering plants

(iii) xylem parenchyma- xylem parenchyma. live plant cells that are short, lignified and generally thin walled.

They surround conducting elements and assist directly or indirectly in the conduction of water upwards through vessels and tracheids, and also serve for food storage.

(iv) xylem sclerenchyma (or fibre)- Xylem fibres are mainly supportive in function.

Phloem is also made of four different types of elements

(i) sieve tubes- Sieve tube, in flowering plants, elongated living cells (sieve-tube elements) of the phloem, the nuclei of which have fragmented and disappeared and the transverse end walls of which are pierced by sievelike groups of pores (sieve plates). They are the channels of food (mostly sugar) transport.

(ii) companion cells- companion cell A type of cell found within the phloem of flowering plants. Companion cell are usually closely associated with a sieve element. Its function is uncertain, though it appears to regulate the activity of the adjacent sieve element and to take part in loading and unloading sugar into the sieve element.

(iii) phloem parenchyma

(iv) phloem fibre

Answer

The basic differences between meristematic and permanent tissues of plants are tabulated below

(b) Cells derived from the division of meristematic tissues take up specific roles and gradually lose their ability to divide. Thus, they form permanent tissue. Differentiation is a process by which the cells divide meristematically to take a permanent shape, size and function

(c) Parenchyma and collenchyma are two simple permanent tissues whereas xylem and phloem are two complex permanent tissues.