The Fundamental Unit of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following can be made into crystal?
(a) A Bacterium
(b) An Amoeba
(c) A Virus
(d) A Sperm
Answer Answer is (c) A Virus Explanation: Viruses are considered as the intermediates between living and non- living as they cannot metabolize or reproduce on their own For all its processes virus requires a host. Viruses can be stored as crystal like chemicals. Virus crystals are collection of millions of virus cells.Show Answer
(a) The concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium
(b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell
(c) The concentration of water molecules is same in the cell and in the surrounding medium
(d) Concentration of water molecules does not matter
Answer Answer is (b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell. Explanation: When the concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell water from the surrounding enter the cell through osmosis and the cell swells up.Show Answer
(a) DNA
(b) protein
(c) DNA and protein
(d) RNA
Answer Answer is (c) DNA and proteinShow Answer
(i) It helps in manufacture of protein molecules
(ii) It helps in manufacture of enzymes
(iii) It helps in manufacture of hormones
(iv) It helps in manufacture of starch molecules
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iv) and (i)
Answer Answer is (c) (iii) and (iv) Explanation: Proteins are produces in ribosomes hence they are called as protein factories. Enzymes are proteins. Hormones and starch are not produced in ribosome hence option iii) and iv) are wrong statements.Show Answer
(a) It behaves as transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm
(b) It transports materials between various regions in cytoplasm
(c) It can be the site of energy generation
(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell
Answer Answer is (c) It can be the site of energy generation Explanation: Energy is produced in the Mitochondria hence option c is not related to Endoplasmic reticulum.Show Answer
(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane
(b) Movement of solvent molecules from its higher concentration to lower concentration
(c) Movement of solvent molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration of solution through a permeable membrane
(d) Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration of solution through a semipermeable membrane
Answer Answer is (a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane Explanation: Osmosis is a special type of diffusion in which water molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. Option b) Movement of solvent molecules from its higher concentration to lower concentration is called as diffusion.Show Answer
(a) break down (lysis ) of plasma membrane in hypotonic medium
(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium
(c) shrinkage of nucleoplasm
(d) none of them
Answer Answer is (b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium Explanation: Living plant cell loses water through osmosis resulting in shrinkage or contraction of the contents of the cell away from the cell wall. This phenomenon is known as plasmolysis. When plant cell has more water content than in the surrounding plant cell tend to transfer water to its surroundings which results in shrinkage of the cell through plasmolysis.Show Answer
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Vacuole
(c) Lysosome
(d) Plastid
Answer Answer is (c) Lysosome Explanation: Mitochondria, Vacuole and plastids are covered by double layered membranes hence Lysosome is the answer.Show Answer
(a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes
(b) Nucleus, mitochondria and plastid have DNA; hence they are able to make their own structural proteins
(c) Mitochondria is said to be the power house of the cell as ATP is generated in them.
(d) Cytoplasm is called as protoplasm
Answer Answer is (a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes Explanation: Golgi apparatus has role in storage and synthesis of certain biomolecules.They do not have any role in the synthesis of Lysosome hence option a) is the right answer.Show Answer
(a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)
(b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and protein respectively
(c) Endoplasmic reticulum is related with the destruction of plasma membrane
(d) Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus
Answer Answer is (a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum). Explanation: RER has ribosomes present on its surface which are responsible for the synthesis of proteins and enzymes are the proteins. Hence option a) is correct. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has no role in the production of lipid. Similarly Endoplasmic reticulum has no role in the destruction of plasma membrane. Nucleoid is undefined nuclear region in prokaryotes.Show Answer
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Vacuoles
Answer Answer is (c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Explanation: SER plays an important role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in the liver cells of vertebrates.Show Answer
(a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) plasma membrane
(d) mitochondria
Answer Answer is (a) rough endoplasmic reticulum Explanation: Endoplasmic reticulum plays important role in the production of both lipids and proteins. SER produces Lipids. and RER produces Proteins.Show Answer
(a) nucleus
(b) nucleolus
(c) nucleic acid
(d) nucleoid
Answer Answer is (d) nucleoidShow Answer
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) ribosomes
(c) plastids
(d) golgi apparatus
Answer Answer is (d) golgi apparatus Explanation: Golgi apparatus is involved in the packaging and transport of many biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.Show Answer
(a) Storage
(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(c) Waste excretion
(d) Locomotion
Answer Answer is (d) Locomotion Explanation: Vacuoles are responsible for storage, turgidity and rigidity of the cell and waste excretion. Locomotion is carried out by specialised organelles present outside cytoplasm. Vacuoles are present inside the cytoplasm hence option d) is a wrong statement.Show Answer
(a) exocytosis
(b) endocytosis
(c) plasmolysis
(d) exocytosis and endocytosis both
Answer Answer is (b) endocytosis Explanation: Endocytosis is taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. In endocytosis, substances that are external to a cell are brought into the cell. Membrane-bound vesicles containing cellular molecules are transported to the cell membrane in exocytosis. Process of contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a resulting in the loss of water from the cell is called as plasmolysis.Show Answer
(a) Bacteria
(b) Hydrilla
(c) Mango tree
(d) Cactus
Answer Answer is (a) Bacteria Explanation: Hydrilla, Mango tree and cactus are plants hence their cell wall is made up of cellulose. Cell wall of Bacteria is made of polysaccharide called as Peptidoglycan.Show Answer
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) nucleus
(d) mitochondria
Answer Answer is (b) golgi apparatusShow Answer
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) mitochondria
(d) lysosome
Answer Answer is (c) mitochondria Explanation: Mitochndria and Chloroplast are the organelles that have separate nuclear called as mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA.Show Answer
(a) mitochondria
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
(c) chloroplast
(d) golgi apparatus
Answer Answer is (c) chloroplast Explanation: Food in plants is produced inside Chloroplast hence Chloroplast is known as kitchen of the cell.Show Answer
(a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(b) rough endoplasmic reticulum
(c) golgi apparatus (d) plastids
Answer Lipid molecules in the cell are sythesized by smooth endoplasmic reticulumShow Answer
(a) Haeckel
(b) Virchow
(c) Hooke
(d) Schleiden
Answer Answer is (b) VirchowShow Answer
(a) Schleiden and Schwann
(b) Virchow
(c) Hooke
(d) Haeckel
Answer Answer is (a) Schleiden and Schwann Explanation: Schleiden and Schwann were the first to propose the cell theory which stated that all plants and animals are made up of cell and cell is the basic unit if life.Show Answer
(a) mitochondria
(b) ribosomes
(c) plastids
(d) lysosomes
Answer Answer is (b) ribosomesShow Answer
(a) ribosome
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) chloroplast
(d) nucleus
Answer Answer is (a) ribosome Explanation: Golgi bodies, Chloroplast and nucleus are membrane bound organelles and ribosomes are organelles without membrane.Show Answer
(a) $10^{-6} m$
(b) $10^{-9} m$
(c) $10^{-10} m$
(d) $10^{-3} m$
Answer Answer is (a) $10^{-6} m$ Explanation: $10^{-3} m$ - millimetre $10^{-6} m$ - Micrometer $10^{-9} m$ - nanometerShow Answer
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) nucleus
(d) mitochondria
Answer Answer is (b) golgi apparatus Explanation: Main function of golgi apparatus is secretion, packaging and modification of proteins. It is also involved in synthesis of new membranes and lysosomes.Show Answer
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Purkinje
(c) Leeuwenhoek
(d) Robert Brown
Answer Answer is (c) Leeuwenhoek Explanation: Robert hook first observed cells but he observed dead cork cell and it was Leeuwenhoek who observed living cell from his microscope.Show Answer
(a) The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane is affected by the amount of substances dissolved in it.
(b) Membranes are made of organic molecules like proteins and lipids
(c) Molecules soluble in organic solvents can easily pass through the membrane.
(d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants
Show Answer
Answer
Answer is (d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants
Explanation:
Plasma membrane contain sugar is a wrong statement and rest other statements are true. Plant plasma membrane contain cellulose in it.
Short Answer Questions
30. Why are lysosomes known as ‘suicide-bags’ of a cell?
Answer Lysosomes are the organelles that has digestive enzymes in them. These enzymes helps in removal of damaged cells. Lysosomes encounter with damaged cell to burst out, releasing digesting enzyme resulting in destruction of damaged cell hence they are called suicide bag of cell.Show Answer
Answer Yes, I agree that A cell is a building unit of an organism because all the living beings are made up of cells and cell is the smallest independent unit of living beings.Show Answer
Answer Soap solution is hypertonic in nature which makes the water move out of the cells in your hand which results in finger shrink when you wash clothes for a long time.Show Answer
Answer Endocytosis is found only in animals because cellwall is absent in animals. Due to this, movement of substances inside the cell is easier in animals than in plants.Show Answer
Answer Upon consuming salt solution Osmosis process takes place which results in dehydration. This is the reason for vomiting of the person who consumes salt solution.Show Answer
Answer Ribosome is the only non-membranous cell organelle.Show Answer
Answer Absorption and digestion involves diffusion and osmosis respectively.Show Answer
Answer After adding salt vegetables release water due to process of osmosis. Explanation: When we add salt surrounding will be hypertonic and water is released from vegetables to maintain equilibrium.Show Answer
(a) Both the cells will swell.
(b) RBC will burst easily while cells of onion peel will resist the bursting to some extent.
(c) a and b both are correct.
(d) RBC and onion peel cells will behave similarly.
Answer (c) a and b both are correct. Explanation: When surrounding medium is hypotonic water moves into the cell. This lead to swelling of cells. RBC do not have plasma membrane and they swell and burst easily. Plant cell have cell wall which will prevent them from bursting.Show Answer
Answer Small vesicles associated with plasma membrane are present in bacteria. These vesicles have pigment which can trap sunlight to carry photosynthesis.Show Answer
(A) - (B)
(a) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (i) Amoeba
(b) Lysosome - (ii) Nucleus
(c) Nucleoid - (iii) Bacteria
(d) Food vacuoles - (iv) Detoxification
(e) Chromatin material - (v) Suicidal bag and nucleolus
Answer (A) (B) (a) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (iv) Detoxification (b) Lysosome - (v) Suicidal bag and nucleolus (c) Nucleoid - (iii) Bacteria (d) Food vacuoles - (i) Amoeba (e) Chromatin material - (ii) NucleusShow Answer
Answer Chromoplast- Flower and fruit- Chloroplast- leaves Leucoplast-RootShow Answer
(a) Transporting channels of the cell-
(b) Power house of the cell
(c) Packaging and dispatching unit of the cell-
(d) Digestive bag of the cell
(e) Storage sacs of the cell
(f) Kitchen of the cell-
(g) Control room of the cell-_
Answer Answers a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Mitochondria c) Golgi apparatus d) Lysosomes e) Vacuoles f) Chloroplast g) NucleusShow Answer
AnswerShow Answer
Bacterial Cell
Onion Peel
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Lack of organized nucleus, the genetic material
present in the form of nucleoid.Well organised Nucleus
Nuclear membrane absent
Nuclear membrane present
Only a single chromosome is present
More than one chromosome are present
Membrane-bound organelles absent.
Membrane-bound organelles present.
Nucleolus is absent
Nucleolus is present.
Cell division takes place by fission or budding.
Cell division takes place by mitosis or meiosis
Answer Substances like carbon dioxide ($CO _2$) and water ($H _2O$) move in and out of the cell through Osmosis.Show Answer
Answer Amoeba obtain its food through endocytosis. Explanation: Amoeba surround food particle by its pseudopodia. It ingest the food and water particle to form a food vacuole. This process is known as endocytosis.Show Answer
Answer Chloroplast and Mitochondria are the two organelles in a plant cell that contain their own genetic material and ribosomes.Show Answer
Answer Lysosomes also known as “scavengers of the cells” because lysosomes have lytic enzymes which are used to destroy pathogens and worn out cells. Lysosomes also destroys waste materials which are harmful for the cell.Show Answer
Answer Nucleus controls most of the activities of the cell.Show Answer
(a) roots of the plant
(b) leaves of the plant
(c) flowers and fruits
Answer Answers a) Leucoplasts are more common in roots of the plant b) Chloroplasts are more common in leaves of the plant c) Chromoplasts are more common in flowers and fruitsShow Answer
Answer Cells possess large sized vacuole because vacuoles not only stores important material but also contain sap that give turgidity to the cell.Show Answer
Answer Chromatin are the thread like structures which form the chromosomes. A copy of duplicated chromosome which is generally joined to the other copy by a centromere is called Chromatid. Chromosomes : When a cell starts to divide, the tangled mass of chromatin condense into long threads and finally, rod-like bodies called chromosomes.Show Answer
(a) A cell containing higher water concentration than the surrounding medium
(b) A cell having low water concentration than the surrounding medium.
(c) A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding medium.
Answer a) If a cell contains higher water concentration than the surrounding medium then cell looses water and it shrinks. This process is called exosmosis. b) If a cell has having low water concentration than the surrounding medium cell intakes water from the surrounds and cell bursts. This process is called endosmosis. c) If A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding medium then there will be no change in the cell.Show Answer
(a) determines the function and development of the cell
(b) packages materials coming from the endoplasmic reticulum
(c) provides resistance to microbes to withstand hypotonic external media without bursting
(d) is site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life.
(e) is a fluid contained inside the nucleus
Answer (a) Nucleus: It determines the function and development of the cell (b) Golgi apparatus: It packages materials coming from the endoplasmic reticulum (c) Cell wall: It provides resistance to microbes to withstand hypotonic external media without bursting (d) Cytoplasm: It is a site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life. (e) Nucleoplasm: It is a fluid contained inside the nucleusShow Answer
Answer Major differences between a plant cell and animal cell are (i) Chloroplast in plant cell but absent in animal cells (ii) large central vacuole in plant cell which is absent in animal cells (iii) Cell wall is present in plant cell and absent in animal cells.Show Answer
Answer Cross Section of an Animal CellShow Answer
Answer Nucleus is an organelles present in the cell whereas Nucleoid is a small spot present in the cytoplasm of the cell. Nucleus is well organized and large whereas nucleoid is poorly organized and it is very small. Nucleus contains many chromosomes but Nucleoid contains single circular DNA molecule.Show Answer
AnswerShow Answer
Rough Endoplasmic reticullum
Smooth Endoplasmic reticullum
RER Looks rough under Microscope
SER varies greatly in appearance in different cells
Robosomes are present on all active cells
Ribosomes are not present on SER
They are the sites of protein manufacturing
helps in manufacture of fat molecules
Proteins are transported to various sites from here
Detoxification of drug takes place
(a) dry apricots are left for sometime in pure water and later transferred to sugar solution?
(b) a Red Blood Cell is kept in concentrated saline solution?
(c) the Plasma-membrane of a cell breaks down?
(d) rheo leaves are boiled in water first and then a drop of sugar syrup is put on it?
(e) golgi apparatus is removed from the cell?
Answer a) When we put dried raisins or apricots in plain water and leave them for some time cell gains water and swells. If we put same seeds into a concentrated solution of sugar or salt. You will seeds it loses water, and consequently shrinks. b) When red blood cell is kept in concentrated saline solution. Cell loses water immediately and shrinks. c) When the plasma membrane of a cell breaks down cell dies. d) On boiling, cells of Rheo leaves are died and if we put sugar solution on it there will not be any intake of water due to lack of osmosis. Here cell undergo plasmolysis concluding only living cells undergo osmosis. e) This stop the formation of vesicles and transport of proteins and lipids is stopped by the removal of Golgi apparatus.Show Answer
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