Improvement in Food resources
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which one is an oil yielding plant among the following 0 ?
(a) Lentil
(b) Sunflower
(c) Cauliflower
(d) Hibiscus
Answer Answer is (b) Sunflower Explanation: Lentisls are pulse yielding tree. Cauliflower is a vegetable and Hibiscus is a flower, whereas Sunflower is used to make oil.Show Answer
(a) Rice
(b) Millets
(c) Sorghum
(d) Gram
Answer Answer is (d) Gram Explanation: Rice millets and sorghum has carbohydrates in them as a major source of energy. Whereas Gram is a di-cotyledon which is rich in proteins hence gram is the answer.Show Answer
(a) White revolution is meant for increase in milk production
(b) Blue revolution is meant for increase in fish production
(c) Increasing food production without compromising with environmental quality is called as sustainable agriculture
(d) None of the above
Answer Answer is (d) None of the above Explanation: Statements provided in option a), b) and c are right statements hence answer is d) none of the above.Show Answer
(a) Increased production and storage of food grains
(b) Easy access of people to the food grain
(c) People should have money to purchase the grains
(d) All of the above
Answer Answer is (d) All of the aboveShow Answer
(i) Hybridisation means crossing between genetically dissimilar plants
(ii) Cross between two varieties is called as inter specific hybridisation
(iii) Introducing genes of desired character into a plant gives genetically modified crop
(iv) Cross between plants of two species is called as inter varietal hybridisation
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer Answer is (a) (i) and (iii)Show Answer
(a) killing of plants in field before they grow
(b) dominating the plants to grow
(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients
(d) all of the above
Answer Answer is (c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients Explanation: Few weeds are poisonous but it will not affect the crop plant. Weeds compete for the nutrients and water available in the soil. This makes the crop plant gets lesser nutrients than the requirement which lead to decrease of the crop yield.Show Answer
(a) Apis dorsata
(b) Apis florae
(c) Apis cerana indica
(d) Apis mellifera
Answer Answer is (d) Apis melliferaShow Answer
(i) Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients.
(ii) It increases the water holding capacity of sandy soil.
(iii) It helps in draining out of excess of water from clayey soil.
(iv) Its excessive use pollutes environment because it is made of animal excretory waste.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer Answer is (a) (i) and (iii) Explanation: Manure improves water holding capacity hence it cannot be responsible for draining out of excess water. Manure usage is not responsible pollution. Using manure is a eco-friendly method way of using fertilizers.Show Answer
(i) Milk Production
(ii) Agricultural work
(iii) Meat production
(iv) Egg production
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer Answer is (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) Explanation: Cattle husbandry is done for the purpose of milk production, agricultural work and meat production. But poultry farming is done for egg production.Show Answer
(i) Bos indicus
(ii) Bos domestica
(iii) Bos bubalis
(iv) Bos vulgaris
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer Answer is (a) (i) and (iii) Explanation: Bos domestica is found in Africa and Bos vulgaris does not belong to Bos family.Show Answer
(i) Brawn
(ii) Jersey
(iii) Brown Swiss
(iv) Jersey Swiss
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv
Answer Answer is (b) (ii) and (iii)Show Answer
(i) Egg production
(ii) Feather production
(iii) Chicken meat
(iv) Milk production
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer Answer is (a) (i) and (iii) Explanation :; Hen does not produce milk and they are not reared for the purpose of feathers hence option ii) and iv) are wrong statements.Show Answer
(a) Viruses
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) All of the above
Answer Answer is (d) All of the above Explanation: Viruses, bacteria and fungi causes diseases in poultry.Show Answer
(a) Rohus
(b) Mrigals
(c) Common carps
(d) Catlas
Answer Answer is (d) CatlasShow Answer
(i) animal breeding
(ii) culture of animals
(iii) animal livestock
(iv) rearing of animals
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Answer Answer is (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)Show Answer
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Iron
(d) Potassium
Answer Answer is (c) Iron Explanation: Plants obtain iron from nutrients in the soil. There is no fertilizer that can prove iron for the plants.Show Answer
(a) strict cleaning
(b) proper disjoining
(c) fumigation
(d) all of the above
Show Answer
Answer
Answer is (d) all of the above
Short Answer Questions
18. Match the column A with the column B
(A) - (B)
(a) Catla - (i) Bottom feeders
(b) Rohu - (ii) Surface feeders
(c) Mrigal - (iii) Middle-zone feeders
(d) Fish farming - (iv) Culture fishery
Answer (a) Catla - (ii) Surface feeders (b) Rohu - (iii) Middle-zone feeders (c) Mrigal - (i) Bottom feeders (d) Fish farming - (iv) Culture fisheryShow Answer
(a) Pigeon pea is a good source of _ _ _
(b) Berseem is an important _ _ _crop.
(c) The crops which are grown in rainy season are called _ _ _crops.
(d) _ _ _ are rich in vitamins.
(e) _ _ _ crop grows in winter season.
Answer (a) Pigeon pea is a good source of Protein. (b) Berseem is an important fodder crop. (c) The crops which are grown in rainy season are called Kharif crops. (d) Vegetables are rich in vitamins. (e) Rabi crop grows in winter season.Show Answer
Answer A GM crop is the one which is developed by introducing a new gene from different source. Crops are genetically modified to obtain desired character. Example: BT cotton which has insect resistant gene from bacteria is grown in India.Show Answer
Answer Below are the useful traits in improved crop.Show Answer
Answer Organic matter is very important for crop production because of the following reasonsShow Answer
Answer Excess use of fertilizers is detrimental for environment because residue of fertilizers causes pollution in air, water and soil which proves costly.Show Answer
(a) Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is known as -
(b) Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as -
(c) Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called as
(d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as
(e) Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as-_.
(f) Causal organism of any disease is called as
Answer (a) Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is known as organic farming. (b) Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as mixed cropping. (c) Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called as inter cropping. (d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as crop rotation. (e) Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as weeds. (f) Causal organism of any disease is called as pathogen.Show Answer
| (A) | (B) |
|---|---|
| (a) Cattle used for tilling and carting | (i) Milk producing female |
| (b) Indian breed of chicken | (ii) Broiler |
| (c) Sahiwal, Red Sindhi | (iii) Drought animals |
| (d) Milch | (iv) Local breed of cattle |
| (e) Chicken better fed for obtaining | (v) Aseel |
AnswerShow Answer
(A)
(B)
(a) Cattle used for tilling and carting
(iii) Drought animals
(b) Indian breed of chicken
(v) Aseel
(c) Sahiwal, Red Sindhi
(iv) Local breed of cattle
(d) Milch
(i) Milk producing female
(e) Chicken better fed for obtaining
(ii) Broiler
Answer Farmers are suggested to grow drought resistant crops which can mature early. Along with this farmers are advised to use manure for their field as it increases the water holding capacity of thesoil.Show Answer
Answer Energy Yielding crop- Wheat rice Maize Protein Yielding crop- gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soyabean Oil yielding crop- groundnut, castor, mustard, soyabean Fodder crop-barseem, oat, sudan grassShow Answer
Answer Hybridization- Crossing between genetically different organisms to produce desired characteristics in the offspring is known as hybridization. Duration of the sunlight available for a plant is called as photoperiod. Photoperiod is responsible for the growth of the plant.Show Answer
(a) Photoperiod affect the _ _ _
(b) Kharif crops are cultivated from _ _ _ to _ _ _ .
(c) Rabi crops are cultivated from_ _ _ to _ _ _.
(d) Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are _ _ _crops.
(e) Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are _ _ _ crops.
Answer (a) Photoperiod affect the Flowering process (b) Kharif crops are cultivated from June to October. (c) Rabi crops are cultivated from Novemeber to April. (d) Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are Kharif crops. (e) Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are Rabi crops.Show Answer
Answer Different crops need different climatic conditions for the growth such as temperature, photoperiod and water. Some of the crops grown in rainy season which are called Kharif and some grow in winter which are called Rabi crops.Show Answer
(a) A total of _ _ _ nutrients are essential to plants.
(b) _ _ _ and _ _ _ are supplied by air to plants.
(c) _ _ _ is supplied by water to plants.
(d) Soil supply _ _ _ nutrients to plants.
(e) _ _ _ nutrients are required in large quantity and called as-
(f) _ _ _ nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called
Answer (a) A total of 16 nutrients are essential to plants. (b) Carbon-di-oxide and Oxygen are supplied by air to plants. (c) Hydrogen is supplied by water to plants. (d) Soil supply 13 nutrients to plants. (e) 6 nutrients are required in large quantity and called as macronutrients. (f) 7 nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called micronutrients.Show Answer
Answer Compost is formed by using farm waste materials like livestock excreta, vegetable waste, domestic waste, straw, discarded weeds. These all are decomposed and are used as manure for the farms. Vermicompost is s compost prepared by using organic matter. Here composting is done by using earthworms.Show Answer
(a) Green plants are decomposed in soil.
(b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure or crop plant parts are used.
(c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil.
(d) After decomposition it becomes green manure.
Answer (b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure or crop plant parts are used. (c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil. (a) Green plants are decomposed in soil. (d) After decomposition it becomes green manure.Show Answer
Answer Advantages of Italian bee variety A. mellifera over other bee varities are as followsShow Answer
Show Answer
Answer
Higher inputs gives higher yield refers to the facilities and financial status of a farmer. Good financial status allows farmers to take up new methodologies and technologies to increase the yield. Higher buying capacity decides cropping methods and agricultural practices.
Long Answer Questions
36. Discuss the role of hybridisation in crop improvement.
Answer Hybridization is a method of crossing two dissimilar varieties to get desirable characters in the off-springs. Hybridization improves the crop in following attributes High yield: Hybridization helps to improve crop yield Pest resistance: Crop can obtain pest resistance by incorporating pest resistance genes. Ex: BT Cotton Draught resistance: Plants obtain draught resistant genes from draught resistant varieties. Disease resistance: Plants can be immune to certain disease against which genes are incorporated.Show Answer
Answer Vermicompost: Manure which is rich is organic materials. Vermicompost is prepared by using earthworms, plant and animal waste. Earthworms helps in composting organic waste to give a nutrient rich manure. Green Manure: Manure prepared by composting green plant is known as green. Green manure is usually made in the field Ex: Hemp is allowed to decompose to get green manure. Bio-fertilizers: Usage of living organisms to provide nutrient to plant and to make soil fertile is known as bio fertilizers. Ex: Blue green algae used as bio-fertilizer in paddy fields.Show Answer
Answer Various methods of weed control are listed belowShow Answer
(i) Capture fishery and Culture fishery
(ii) Mixed cropping and Inter cropping
(iii) Bee keeping and Poultry farming
Answer Capture fishery is a traditional fishing where fisherman catches the fishes from natural resources like sea and rives. Culture fishery is the one where the fishes are obtained reared for the commercial purpose. Mixed cropping is the method of growing two or more crops in a single field. Inter cropping is a type of mixed cropping where two or more crops are grown in a single field in a definite patterns. Bee keeping is the method of rearing bees to obtain honey. Poultry farming is method of raising domestic fowl for the purpose of egg and meat.Show Answer
Answer Merits of Fish culture Desired fishes can be obtained in large amount in small area. Improved food quality as fishes are the cheap source of proteins. Demerits of fish culture Only desired varieties of fishes are reared It is threat to biodiversity.Show Answer
Answer Composite fish culture is a method of rearing five to six varieties of fish species in a single pond. Species are selected in such a way that they should not compete with other for food because of change in their food habits. Hence fishes use food available in pond. Ex: Catla’s are surface feeders. Rohu is middle zone feeder and common caps are bottom feeders.Show Answer
Answer Bees need a quality nectar to produce honey. A good pasturage consists of plenty of flowers which can be used by bees to get quality nectar. This increase the quality as well as the quantity of the bees. If bees are confined to only single variety of flowers for nectar honey quality will have similar taste, consistency. Most of the farmers make honey obtained from single nectar.Show Answer
Answer Below are the modes by which insects decrease crop yield. a) Cutting: Insects cut plant parts such as leaves, fruits, flowers etc. This damages the plant, damaged leaves result in decreased rate of photosynthesis, decreased flower decreases the production of seeds. b) Borers: Some pests bore holes in specific plant parts and start living inside. These pest utilize plant nutrients and food which result in the decrease in the yield. c) Suckers Few pests suck cell sap by using their proboscis. This result in adverse effect on plant which reduces the yield.Show Answer
Answer Pesticides are used in very accurate and in very appropriate manner because of following reasons Excess use of pesticides will reduce the fertility of the soil.Show Answer
Answer Roughage Roughages are provided by husk, grass and chopped leaves. Roughages give complete nourishment to animals and roughages aids proper digestion in animals. Concentrates These are prepared as per the requirement of particular cattle and they are highly rick in proteins and minerals. Varieties of concentrates are available in the market.Show Answer
Answer Temperature maintenance is vital for the better egg production. Even though if the size of poultry birds is large but without temperature adaptation egg production may decrease. To obtain high adaptability and small sized poultry. Cross breeding of poultry birds is done. Small size also require small food and small area to rear.Show Answer
Answer Preventive measures to avoid disease in poultry are 1. Cleaning: It is very important to maintain hygiene. Poultry farms should be cleaned regularly to maintain hygiene in the farm. 2. Sanitation: Sanitation should be maintained inside the farm 3. Disinfectatnts : Disinfectant should be sprayed on a regular basis. 4. Vaccination: Birds should be vaccinated to prevent disease in poultry.Show Answer
(i) Why does plot $B$ show sudden increase and then gradual decrease in yield?
(ii) Why is the highest peak in plot A graph slightly delayed?
(iii) What is the reason for the different pattern of the two graphs?
Answer i) When we chemical fertlizers there will be sudden increase in the yield as nutrients are released abundantly. But with time crop yield decrease because excess usage of chemical fertilizers kills the useful micro-organisms present in the soil and also reduces the organic material present in the soil. ii) Manure release the nutrients slowly as they are rich in organic matter. But manure enriches the soil by providing nutrients and necessary environment for the growth of useful micro-organisms. iii) Different pattern in the graph is due to the release of nutrients into soil by two different methods. Graph shows that excessive usage of chemical fertilizers is detrimental and using manure is beneficial for long time. Yield remain high when quantity of the manure increases.Show Answer
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Across
1. Oil yielding plant (9)
2. Crop grown in winter season (4)
3. Fixed by Rhizobium (8)
4. Common honey bee (4)
Downward
2. Animal feed (6)
3. A micronutrient (5)
4. Unwanted plant in crop fields (4)
5. An exotic breed of chicken(7)
6. Bottom feeders in fish pond(7)
7. A marine fish (4)
Show Answer
Answer
Across:
1. Sunflower
3. Rabi
4. Nitrogen
5. Apis
Down
2. Fodder
4. Boron
6. Weed
7. Leghorn
8. Mrigals
10. Tuna
