Chapter 12 Improvement of Food Resources Exercise
Exercises
1. Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
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Answer
Inter cropping is a method used for a high yielding crop production. In this method, two or more crops are grown simultaneously on the same field in definite pattern. A few rows of one crop alternate with a few rows of second crop. Example: soybean, maize or finger millet (bajara) and caw pea (labia). The selected crops should have different nutrient requirements. This ensures maximum utilisatian of the nutrients supplied. It also prevents pests and diseases from spreading to all the plants belonging to one crop in a field. This method gives a better crop yield.
2. Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields?
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Answer
The essential nutrients of the soil are full filled by manures and fertilizers supply. Therefore, they help in good vegetative growth, giving rise to healthy plants that rise in high crap production.
3. What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
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Answer
Advantages of inter-cropping
Maintain soil fertility.
Save time and labour.
Increases productivity per unit area.
Both crops can be easily harvested and threshed separately.
Advantages of crop rotation
Improves soil fertilitiy.
Reduces pest infestation and diseases. Helps in weed control.
Avoids depletion of a particular nutrient from soil.
4. What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
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Answer
Transferring desirable genes from one plant to another plant far the production of varieties with desirable characters is known as genetic manipulation.
Example: Profuse branching in fodder craps, high yielding varieties in maize wheat, etc.
Uses in agricultural practices:
Better adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.
Contain desirable features.
Helps in increasing yield and quality.
Maturation period is shorter.
5. How do storage grain losses occur?
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Answer
The main reason for the losses of storage grain is abiotic and biotic factors.
The abiotic factors: Moisture and temperature
The biotic factors: Insects, rodents, birds, mites and bacteria.
6. How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
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Answer
Benefits of good farming practices:
(i) It provides improved breeds of domestic animals.
(ii)It increase the production of products like milk, egg and meat.
(iii) Proper shelter, feeding, care and protection against disesase help the farmers to improve their economic conditions.
7. What are the benefits of cattle farming?
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Answer
Benefits of cattle farming
(i) Milk production is increased.
(ii) Good quality meat, fibre and skin is obtained.
(iii) Goad breed of draught animals can be obtained.
8. For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and bee-keeping?
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Answer
Cross breeding is a common practice between poultry, fisheries and bee keeping for increasing production.
9. How do you differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture?
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Answer
Differences between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture
| Fishing | Mariculture | Aquaculture |
|---|---|---|
| Fish are obtained from natural resources, like ponds, canals, rivers, | A method of marine fish culture in the open sea. | Production of fish from freshwater and brackish water resources. |
| I Locating fish is easy and can be captured by using fishing nets. | Fish can be located with the help of satellites and echosounders. These can be caught by many kinds of fishing nets using fishing boats. | Can be located easily and caught using fishing nets. |
