Chapter 06 Tissues Exercise
Exercises
1. Define the term “tissue”.
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Group of cells that are similar in structure and are organized together to achieve a particular function is called tissue.
2. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
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The following four types of elements make up xylem tissue:
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Xylem tracheids.
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Xylem vessels.
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Xylem parenchyma.
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Xylem fibres.
3. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
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Simple Tissue
Made up of only one type of cells.
Mainly responsible for mechanical support and storage.
Examples : Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Complex Tissue
Made up of more than one type of cells.
Mainly responsible for the transport of water, minerals, sugars and other metabolites.
Examples Xylem and phloem.
4. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.
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Differences between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
| Parenchyma | Collenchyma | Sclerenchyma |
|---|---|---|
| These are living cells with thin walls. | These are living cells with slightly thick walls. | These are dead cells with thick cell walls. |
| Cells are uniformly thin. | Cells are elongated. | Cells are long and narrow. |
| The cells are loosely packed with large intercellular spaces. | The cells are irregularly thickened at the corners with very little intercellular spaces. | The cells are thickened due to lignin. These are so thick that there is no internal space inside the cell. |
5. What are the functions of the stomata?
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Stomata are essential for gas exchange with the atmosphere and help in transpiration in the form of water vapour through leaves.
6. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
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The three type of muscles fiber are:
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Streated muscle
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Smooth muscle
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Cardiac muscle
7. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?
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The cardiac muscles are branched and cylindrical. They are uninucleated and are involuntary in nature. The cardiac muscles bring about a rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout one’s lifetime.
8. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.
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The following are the differences between different types of muscles, based on their structure and location in the body.
| Character | Striated muscles | Un-striated muscles | Cardiac muscles |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shape/Structure | Long, cylindrical, non - tapering. | Long and tapering. | Cylindrical and non - tapering. |
| Branching | They are un-branched. | They are un-branched. | They are branched. |
| Location in body | Hands, legs and skeletal muscles | Wall of stomach, intestine, ureter and bronchi | Heart |
| Dark and light | Present | Absent | Present but less |
9. Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.
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10. Name the following.
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
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(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth – The epithelial tissue, Squamous epithelium.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans – Tendon
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants – Phloem
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body – Adipose tissue
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix – Blood, it is a fluid connective tissue
(f) Tissue present in the brain – Nervous tissue
11. Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
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Skin: Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Bark of tree: Protective tissue and cork
Bone: Connective tissue
Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue
Vascular bundle: Conducting tissue (xylem and phloem), complex permanent tissue
12. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
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The parenchyma is found in:
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The pith of stems and roots
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When parenchyma contains chlorophyll it is called a chlorenchyma. It is found in green leaves
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Parenchyma found in aquatic plants has large air cavities which enables them to float, and are hence called aerenchyma.
13. What is the role of epidermis in plants?
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The epidermis in plants forms an uninterrupted and continuous layer that has no intercellular spaces. It provides protection
14. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
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Cork cells are dead. The arrangement of cells is so dense, that there is no intercellular space. Deposition of suberin is observed on the walls of the cells that make them impervious to water and gases.
15. Complete the following chart:
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