Human Physiology:Digestion and Absorption – 4
Digestion system
graph TD;
A(Digestion System);
A --> B(Mouth);
A --> C(Esophagus);
A --> D(Stomach);
A --> E(Small Intestine);
A --> F(Large Intestine);
A --> G(Rectum);
A --> H(Anus);
B --> I(Salivary Glands);
D --> J(Gastric Glands);
E --> K(Pancreas);
E --> L(Liver);
E --> M(Gallbladder);
Carbohydrate
graph TB
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate --> Monosaccharides
Carbohydrate --> Disaccharides
Carbohydrate --> Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides --> Glucose
Monosaccharides --> Fructose
Disaccharides --> Sucrose
Disaccharides --> Lactose
Polysaccharides --> Starch
Polysaccharides --> Glycogen
Polysaccharides --> Cellulose
Ingestion
graph TB
Ingestion
Ingestion --> Mechanical_Processes
Mechanical_Processes --> Chewing
Mechanical_Processes --> Swallowing
Ingestion --> Chemical_Processes
Chemical_Processes --> Saliva
Chemical_Processes --> Stomach_Acid
Ingestion --> Absorption
Absorption --> Small_Intestine
Absorption --> Large_Intestine
Ingestion --> Elimination
Elimination --> Rectum
Elimination --> Anus
Mastication
graph TD;
Mastication --> Teeth;
Mastication --> Saliva;
Mastication --> Jaw_Muscles;
Teeth --> Incisors;
Teeth --> Canines;
Teeth --> Premolars;
Teeth --> Molars;
Saliva --> Enzymes;
Saliva --> Lubrication;
Jaw_Muscles --> Masseter;
Jaw_Muscles --> Temporalis;
Jaw_Muscles --> Pterygoid;
Buccal cavity
graph TB
A[Buccal Cavity]
A --> B[Definition]
A --> C[Structure]
C --> D1[Teeth]
C --> D2[Tongue]
C --> D3[Salivary Glands]
A --> E[Functions]
E --> F1[Ingestion]
E --> F2[Digestion]
E --> F3[Respiration]
A --> G[Diseases]
G --> H1[Dental Caries]
G --> H2[Gingivitis]
G --> H3[Oral Cancer]
Small Intestine
graph TD;
A[Small Intestine] --> B[Duodenum];
A --> C[Jejunum];
A --> D[Ileum];
B --> E[Bile and pancreatic enzymes];
B --> F[Digestion of food];
C --> G[Absorption of nutrients];
D --> H[Absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts];
E --> I[Emulsification of fats];
F --> J[Breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats];
G --> K[Absorption of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids];
H --> L[Reabsorption of bile salts for recycling];
Protein
graph TB
Protein --> AminoAcids
Protein --> Structure
Structure --> Primary
Structure --> Secondary
Structure --> Tertiary
Structure --> Quaternary
Protein --> Functions
Functions --> Enzymes
Functions --> Hormones
Functions --> Antibodies
Functions --> StructuralComponents
Protein --> Synthesis
Synthesis --> Transcription
Synthesis --> Translation
Protein digestion
graph TD;
A[Protein Digestion] --> B[Ingestion];
A --> C[Digestion in Stomach];
A --> D[Digestion in Small Intestine];
B --> E[Protein Intake];
C --> F[Gastric Juice];
C --> G[Pepsin];
D --> H[Bile];
D --> I[Pancreatic Juice];
D --> J[Intestinal Juice];
F --> K[HCl];
G --> L[Peptides];
I --> M[Trypsin];
J --> N[Peptidases];
M --> O[Peptides];
N --> P[Amino Acids];
Fat
graph TB
A[Fat]
A --> B1[Lipids]
A --> B2[Saturated Fats]
A --> B3[Unsaturated Fats]
B1 --> C1[Triglycerides]
B1 --> C2[Phospholipids]
B1 --> C3[Sterols]
B2 --> D1[Animal Fats]
B2 --> D2[Tropical Oils]
B3 --> E1[Monounsaturated Fats]
B3 --> E2[Polyunsaturated Fats]
DNA RNA
graph TB
A[DNA RNA]
A --> B[DNA]
B --> C[Deoxyribonucleic Acid]
C --> D1[Double Helix Structure]
C --> D2[Contains Genetic Information]
A --> E[RNA]
E --> F[Ribonucleic Acid]
F --> G1[Single Stranded]
F --> G2[Involved in Protein Synthesis]
Summary
graph TD;
A[Summary] --> B((Biology));
B --> C{Cell Biology};
C --> D[DNA];
C --> E[Cell Structure];
B --> F{Genetics};
F --> G[Genes];
F --> H[Hereditary];
B --> I{Ecology};
I --> J[Population];
I --> K[Ecosystem];
