Genetics and Evolution: Concepts Summary and Evolution – 1
Mendel
graph TD;
Mendel-->Pea_Plants;
Mendel-->Laws_of_Inheritance;
Pea_Plants-->Law_of_Segregation;
Pea_Plants-->Law_of_Independent_Assortment;
Laws_of_Inheritance-->Law_of_Segregation;
Laws_of_Inheritance-->Law_of_Independent_Assortment;
Law_of_Segregation-->Genotype;
Law_of_Segregation-->Phenotype;
Law_of_Independent_Assortment-->Genotype;
Law_of_Independent_Assortment-->Phenotype;
photosynthesis
graph TD;
A[Photosynthesis]
B[Light-Dependent Reactions]
C[Light-Independent Reactions]
D[Chlorophyll]
E[Sunlight]
F[Water]
G[Carbon Dioxide]
H[Oxygen]
I[Glucose]
A --> B
A --> C
B --> D
B --> E
B --> F
C --> G
C --> I
D --> E
E --> F
F --> H
G --> I
Evolution
graph TB
A[Evolution]
A --> B[Natural Selection]
A --> C[Genetic Drift]
A --> D[Mutation]
A --> E[Gene Flow]
B --> F[Survival of the Fittest]
C --> G[Random Changes in Small Populations]
D --> H[Changes in DNA]
E --> I[Transfer of Genes between Populations]
Origin of Universe
graph TB
A[Origin of Universe]
A --> B[Big Bang Theory]
A --> C[Steady State Theory]
B --> D[Inflation]
B --> E[Formation of galaxies]
C --> F[Continuous creation]
D --> G[Quantum fluctuations]
E --> H[Star formation]
E --> I[Chemical evolution]
H --> J[Stellar nucleosynthesis]
I --> K[Origin of life]
The Primitive of Earth
graph TB
A[The Primitive of Earth]
B[Biology]
C[Life Forms]
D[Evolution]
E[Environment]
F[Geology]
G[Atmosphere]
H[Oceans]
I[Landmasses]
J[Flora]
K[Fauna]
L[Microorganisms]
A --> B
B --> C
C --> D
D --> E
E --> F
F --> G
F --> H
F --> I
I --> J
I --> K
I --> L
Theory of Biogenesis
graph TB
Biogenesis[Theory of Biogenesis]
Biogenesis --> Life[Life Origin]
Life --> Spontaneous[Spontaneous Generation]
Spontaneous --> Louis[Louis Pasteur]
Louis --> Experiment[Pasteur's Experiment]
Biogenesis --> Modern[Modern Biogenesis Theories]
Modern --> RNA[RNA World Hypothesis]
Modern --> Panspermia[Panspermia Theory]
Modern --> Hydrothermal[Hydrothermal Vent Theory]
Origin of cellular forms
graph TD;
A[Origin of Cellular Forms];
B[Prokaryotic Cells];
C[Eukaryotic Cells];
D[First Cellular Life];
E[Evolution of Complexity];
F[Endosymbiotic Theory];
A-->B;
A-->C;
A-->D;
A-->E;
C-->F;
classDef default fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;
class A,B,C,D,E,F default;
Conclusion
graph TD;
A[Conclusion] --> B((Biology))
B --> C[Cell Biology]
B --> D[Genetics]
B --> E[Ecology]
B --> F[Evolution]
C --> G[Cell Structure]
C --> H[Cell Function]
D --> I[DNA]
D --> J[Genes]
E --> K[Population Biology]
E --> L[Community Ecology]
F --> M[Natural Selection]
F --> N[Speciation]
Theories of Evolution
graph TD;
A[Theories of Evolution];
B[Lamarck's Theory];
C[Darwin's Theory];
D[Modern Synthetic Theory];
E[Neutral Theory];
F[Mutation Theory];
A-->B;
A-->C;
A-->D;
A-->E;
A-->F;
B-->G[Use and Disuse of Organs];
B-->H[Inheritance of Acquired Characters];
C-->I[Natural Selection];
C-->J[Survival of the Fittest];
D-->K[Genetic Variations];
D-->L[Natural Selection];
D-->M[Genetic Drift];
E-->N[Genetic Drift];
E-->O[Fixed Rate of Mutation];
F-->P[Random Mutations];
F-->Q[Non-Adaptive Changes];
Criticism of Lamarcks Theory
graph TD;
A[Criticism of Lamarcks Theory];
B[Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics];
C[Use and Disuse Theory];
D[No Genetic Basis];
E[Lack of Experimental Evidence];
A-->B;
A-->C;
A-->D;
A-->E;
Theory of Natural Selection
graph TD;
A[Theory of Natural Selection];
B[Variation];
C[Inheritance];
D[High Rate of Population Growth];
E[Differential Survival and Reproduction];
A-->B;
A-->C;
A-->D;
A-->E;
B-->F{Genetic Variation};
B-->G{Environmental Variation};
C-->H{Genetic Traits};
C-->I{Acquired Traits};
D-->J{Struggle for Existence};
E-->K{Survival of the Fittest};
E-->L{Adaptation};
