Cell Structure and Function: Cell The Unit of Life-1
Cell Theory
graph TB
A[Cell Theory]
A --> B1[All living things are composed of cells]
A --> B2[Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things]
A --> B3[New cells are produced from existing cells]
B1 --> C1[Discovery by Robert Hooke]
B1 --> C2[Further studies by Anton van Leeuwenhoek]
B2 --> D1[Cellular Organization]
B2 --> D2[Metabolism]
B2 --> D3[Homeostasis]
B3 --> E1[Mitosis]
B3 --> E2[Meiosis]
Classification of bacteria based on shape
graph TB
Bacteria --> Cocci
Bacteria --> Bacilli
Bacteria --> Spirilla
Cocci --> Diplococci
Cocci --> Streptococci
Cocci --> Staphylococci
Bacilli --> Single_Bacilli
Bacilli --> Diplobacilli
Bacilli --> Streptobacilli
Spirilla --> Single_Spirilla
Spirilla --> Vibrios
Spirilla --> Spirochetes
Steps in gram staining
graph TD;
A[Steps in Gram Staining];
A --> B[Step 1: Crystal Violet];
A --> C[Step 2: Iodine Treatment];
A --> D[Step 3: Alcohol Wash];
A --> E[Step 4: Safranin Counterstain];
B --> F[Stains cell wall purple];
C --> G[Binds to crystal violet and forms a complex];
D --> H[Decolorizes cells];
E --> I[Stains decolorized cells pink];
F --> J[All bacteria];
G --> K[All bacteria];
H --> L[Gram-positive bacteria retain color];
H --> M[Gram-negative bacteria lose color];
I --> N[Gram-negative bacteria];
Structure of a Bacterial Cell
graph TB
A[Structure of a Bacterial Cell]
A --> B[Cell Wall]
A --> C[Cell Membrane]
A --> D[Cytoplasm]
A --> E[Nucleoid]
A --> F[Plasmids]
A --> G[Ribosomes]
A --> H[Flagella]
A --> I[Pili]
A --> J[Capsule]
B --> K[Peptidoglycan Layer]
C --> L[Phospholipid Bilayer]
D --> M[Metabolic Enzymes]
E --> N[DNA]
F --> O[Extra-chromosomal DNA]
G --> P[Protein Synthesis]
H --> Q[Motility]
I --> R[DNA Transfer]
J --> S[Protection]
Structure of Cell Membrane
graph TB
A[Cell Membrane]
B[Phospholipid Bilayer]
C[Proteins]
D[Cholesterol]
E[Carbohydrates]
A --> B
A --> C
A --> D
A --> E
B --> F{Hydrophilic Head}
B --> G{Hydrophobic Tail}
C --> H{Integral Proteins}
C --> I{Peripheral Proteins}
D --> J{Regulates Fluidity}
E --> K{Cell Recognition}
Cell Wall
graph TB
A[Cell Wall]
B[Primary Cell Wall]
C[Secondary Cell Wall]
D[Middle Lamella]
E[Functions]
F[Composition]
G[Plants]
H[Fungi]
I[Bacteria]
A --> B
A --> C
A --> D
A --> E
A --> F
F --> G
F --> H
F --> I
E -->|Protection| A
E -->|Structure| A
E -->|Transport| A
Centriole
graph TD;
A[Centriole] --> B[Structure];
A --> C[Function];
B --> D[Microtubules];
B --> E[Cartwheel Structure];
C --> F[Cell Division];
C --> G[Cilia and Flagella Formation];
D --> H[9 sets of triplet microtubules];
E --> I[9-fold radial symmetry];
F --> J[Spindle Formation];
G --> K[Motility];
