SATHEE: West Bengal Board

पश्चिम बंगाल बोर्ड

PHYSICS-XI

UNIT I: PHYSICAL WORLD AND MEASUREMENT

Physics - scope and excitement
Nature of physical laws
Physics technology and society
Units of measurements
System of Units
S I Units
Fundamental and Derived units
Least count
Significant figures
Errors in measurements
Dimensions of Physics quantities
Dimensional analysis and its applications

UNIT II: KINEMATICS

UNIT III: LAWS OF MOTION

UNIT IV: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

UNIT V: MOTION OF SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND RIGID BODY

UNIT VI: GRAVITATION

UNIT VII: PROPERTIES OF BULK MATTER

Elastic behaviour
Stress-strain relationship
Hooke’s Law
Young’s modulus
Bulk modulus
Modulus of rigidity
Pressure due to a fluid column
Pascal’s law and its applications
Effect of gravity on fluid pressure
Viscosity
Stokes’ law
Terminal velocity
Streamline
Turbulent flow
Critical velocity
Bernoulli’s principle and its applications
Surface energy and surface tension
Excess of pressure across a curved surface
Angle of contact
Application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and
Capillary rise
Heat,
Heat
Temperature
Thermal expansion
Specific heat capacity
Calorimetry
Change of state
Latent heat
Heat tansfer conduction
Convection and radiation
Thermal conductivity
Qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation
Wein’s displacement Law
Stefan’s law
Greenhouse effect

UNIT VIII: THERMODYNAMICS

Thermal equilibrium
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
The concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy
The first law of thermodynamics
Isothermal and adiabatic processes
The second law of thermodynamics
Reversible and irreversible processes
Heat engine and refrigerator

UNIT IX: BEHAVIOUR OF PERFECT GASES AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

UNIT X: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

PHYSICS-XII

UNIT I: ELECTROSTATICS

UNIT II: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

UNIT III: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

UNIT IV: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS

UNIT V: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

UNIT VI: OPTICS

UNIT VII: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER

Dual nature of radiation
Photoelectric effect
Hertz and Lenard’s observations
Einstein’s photoelectric equation: particle nature of light
Matter waves-wave nature of particle
De Broglie relation

UNIT VIII: ATOMS AND NUCLEI

UNIT IX: ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Semiconductors
Semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias,diode as a rectifier
I-V characteristics of LED
The photodiode
Solar cell and Zener diode
Zener diode as a voltage regulator
Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR) Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR) Transistor as a switch.

UNIT X: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Elements of a communication system (block diagram only)
Bandwidth of signals (speech, TV and digital data)
Bandwidth of transmission medium
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation
Need for modulation
Production and detection of an amplitude - modulated wave

CHEMISTRY-XI

UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Matter and its nature
Dalton’s atomic theory
Concept of atom
Molecule
Element and compound: Laws of chemical combination
Atomic and molecular masses
Mole concept
Molar mass
Percentage composition
Empirical and molecular formulae
Chemical equations and stoichiometry

UNIT II: STRUCTURE OF ATOM

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars
Thomson’s model and its limitations
Rutherford’s model and its limitations, Bohr’s model and its limitations
Nature of electromagnetic radiation
Photoelectric effect
Spectrum of the hydrogen atom
Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates
Derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits
Limitations of Bohr’s model
Dual nature of matter
de Broglie’s relationship
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics
The quantum mechanical model of the atom
Its important features
Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of 𝚿 and 𝚿2 with r for ls and 2s orbitals
Various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance
Shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals
Electron spin and spin quantum number
Rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle
Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
Electronic configuration of elements, Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals’
Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals’

UNIT III: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

UNIT IV: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation
The concept of ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds
Factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds
Calculation of lattice enthalpy
Covalent Bonding
Concept of electronegativity
Fajan’s rule
Dipole moment
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules
Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features
The concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals
Resonance
Molecular orbital Theory - Its important features
Molecular orbital Theory - LCAOs
Molecular orbital Theory - Types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding)
Molecular orbital Theory - sigma and pi-bonds
Molecular orbital Theory - Molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules
Molecular orbital Theory - The concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy
Elementary idea of metallic bonding
Hydrogen bonding and its application

UNIT V: STATES OF MATTER : GASES AND LIQUIDS

Three states of matter
Intermolecular interactions
Types of bonding
Melting and boiling points
Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule
Boyle’s law
Charles law
Gay Lussac’s law
Avogadro’s law
Ideal behaviour
Empirical derivation of gas equation
Avogadro’s number
Ideal gas equation
Deviation from ideal behaviour liquefaction of gases, critical temperature, kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)
Liquid State vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)

UNIT VI: THERMODYNAMICS

UNIT VII: EQUILIBRIUM

UNIT VIII: REDOX REACTIONS

UNIT IX: HYDROGEN

Position of hydrogen in periodic table
Occurrence
Isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial
Physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxid-e-preparation, reactions and structure and use
Hydrogen as a fuel

UNIT X: s-BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS)

Group 1 and Group 2 Elements: General introduction
Group 1 and Group 2 Elements: electronic configuration
Group 1 and Group 2 Elements: occurrence
Group 1 and Group 2 Elements: anomalous
Group 1 and Group 2 Elements: properties of the first element of each group
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds : Sodium Carbonate
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds : Sodium Chloride
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds : Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydrogencarbonate
Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds : Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium
Calcium Oxide and Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses, biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium

UNIT XI: SOME p- BLOCK ELEMENTS

General Introduction to p- Block Elements Group 13 Elements: General introduction
General Introduction to p- Block Elements Group 13 Elements: electronic configuration
General Introduction to p- Block Elements Group 13 Elements: occurrence
General Introduction to p- Block Elements Group 13 Elements: variation of properties
General Introduction to p- Block Elements Group 13 Elements: oxidation states
General Introduction to p- Block Elements Group 13 Elements: trends in chemical reactivity
Boron - physical and chemical properties, some important compounds, Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides
Alumunium : Reactions with acids and alkalies, uses
Group 14 Elements : General introduction
Group 14 Elements : electronic configuration
Group 14 Elements : occurrence
Group 14 Elements : variation of properties
Group 14 Elements : oxidation states,
Group 14 Elements : trends in chemical reactivity
Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties
Uses of some important compounds: oxides
Important compounds of Silicon and a few use: Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses

UNIT XII: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

UNIT XIII: HYDROCARBONS

UNIT XIV: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Environmental pollution - air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming-pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control of environmental pollution

CHEMISTRY-XII

UNIT I: SOLID STATE

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties
Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n & p type semiconductors

UNIT II: SOLUTIONS

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molarity
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - mole fraction
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - percentage (by volume and mass both)
The vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s law
Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions
Colligative properties of dilute solutions -a relative lowering of vapour pressure
Depression of mass freezing point
The elevation of boiling point
Osmotic pressure
Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties;
Abnormal value of molar mass
Van’t Hoff factor and its significance

UNIT III: ELECTROCHEMISTRY

UNIT IV: CHEMICAL KINETICS

UNIT V: SURFACE CHEMISTRY

Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysts, homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity
Enzyme catalysts colloidal state distinction between true solutions,colloids and suspension
Lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids
Properties of colloids
Tyndall effect
Brownian movement
Electrophoresis
Coagulation
Emulsion - types of emulsions

UNIT VI: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS

Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction - electrolytic method and refining
Occurrence and principles of extractionof aluminium, copper, zinc and iron

UNIT VII: p - BLOCK ELEMENTS

Group 15 Elements: General introduction
Group 15 Elements: electronic configuration
Group 15 Elements: occurrence
Group 15 Elements: anomalous
Group 15 Elements: properties of the first element of each group
Nitrogen preparation properties & uses
Compounds of nitrogen, preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (Structure only)
Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides PCl3 , PCl5 and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
Group 16 Elements : General introduction
Group 16 Elements : electronic configuration
Group 16 Elements : occurrence
Group 16 Elements : anomalous
Group 16 Elements : properties of the first element of each group
Classification of oxides, Ozone, Sulphur 0 allotropic forms
Compounds of sulphur: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur - dioxide, sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses
oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only)
Group 17: General introduction
Group 17: electronic configuration
Group 17: occurrence
Group 17: anomalous
Group 17: properties of the first element of each group
Compounds of halogens, Preparation properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structure only)
Group 18: Elements: General introduction
Group 18: electronic configuration
Group 18: occurrence
Group 18: anomalous
Group 18: properties of the first element of each group

UNIT VIII: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS

Transition Elements General introduction
Electronic configuration
Occurrence
Characteristics
General trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties
General trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - ionization enthalpy
General trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - oxidation states
Atomic radii
Colour
Catalytic behaviour
Magnetic properties
Complex formation
Interstitial compounds
Alloy formation
Preparation, properties, and uses of K2CrO7
Preparation, properties, and uses of KMnO4
Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration
Lanthanoids - oxidation states
Lanthanoids - chemical reactivity
Lanthanoids - lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
Actinoids - Electronic configuration
Actinoids - oxidation states
Actinoids - chemical reactivity
Actinoids - lanthanoid contraction and its consequences

UNIT IX: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

UNIT X: HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

UNIT XI: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration
Phenols: Acidic nature
Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation
Nitration and sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction
Reimer - Tiemann reaction
Ethers: Structure

UNIT XII: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
Aldehyde and Ketones
Nature of carbonyl group
Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones
Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives)
Grignard reagent
Oxidation
Reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen)
The acidity of α-hydrogen
Aldol condensation
Cannizzaro reaction
Haloform reaction
Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones
Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it

UNIT XIII: ORGANIC COMPUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses.

UNIT XIV: BIOMOLECULES

UNIT XV: POLYMERS

Classification - Natural and synthetic methods of polymerization(addition and condensation)co polymerization, some important polymers, natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyester, bakelite, rubber, Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers

UNIT XVI: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Chemical in Medicines- Angesics, traqulizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility, drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
Chemical in food-Preservations, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants Clensing agents-Soap and detergents, cleansing action

MATHEMATICS-XI

UNIT I: SETS AND FUNCTIONS

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

Complex numbers and quadratic equations
Introduction to Complex Numbers
Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals
Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, modulus
Algebra of complex number
Argand diagram,and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number
Quadratic equations in real system and their solutions Relations between roots and co-efficient, nature of roots
The formation of quadratic equations with given roots
Permutations and combinations
The fundamental principle of counting
Permutation as an arrangement and combination as selection, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r)
Simple applications
Binomial theorem
Binomial theorem for a positive integral index
Beneral term and middle term
Simple applications
Sequence and series
Arithmetic and Geometric progressions,insertion of arithmetic means between two given numbers
Geometric means between two given numbers
Relation between A.M and G.M

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Straight line
Various forms of equations of a line
Angles between two lines
Intersection of lines
Conditions for concurrence of three lines
The distance of a point from a line
Co-ordinate of the centroid
Orthocentre
Circumcentre of a triangle
Circle
Conic sections
A standard form of equations of a circle
The general form of the equation of a circle
Its radius
Central equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given
Points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin
Sections of conics
Equations of parabola in standard form
Equations of ellipse in standard forms
Equations of hyperbola in standard forms
Coordinates of a point in space
The angle between two intersecting lines
Equations of hyperbola in standard forms
The distance between two points, section formula
Equations of hyperbola in standard forms
Three-dimensional geometry
Skew lines
The shortest distance between them Skew lines
The shortest distance between them and its equation
Equations of a line

UNIT IV: CALCULUS

UNIT V: MATHEMATICAL REASONING

Mathematically acceptable statements
Connecting words / phrases consolidating the understanding of “if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition”, “implies”, “and/or”, “implied by”, “and”, “or”, “there exists” and their use through variety of examples related to real life and Mathematics
Validating the statements involving the connecting words difference between contradiction, converse and contrapositive

UNIT VI: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

MATHEMATICS-XII

UNIT I: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Relations and Function:

Relations function
Relation
Type of relations, equivalence relations
One-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions
Inverse of a function
Binary operations

Inverse Trigonometrical Functions:

Definition, range, domain, principal value branches
Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions
Properties of inverse trigonometrical functions

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

Matrices:

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices
Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication
Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
Concept of elementary row and column operations
Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists

Determinants:

Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle
Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix
Cramer’s Rule and its applications
Matrices, algebra of matrices
Type of matrices
Matrices of order two and three
Determinants
Evaluation of determinants
Adjoint
Evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants
Area of triangles using determinants
Test of consistency
Solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices

UNIT III: CALCULAS

Continuity and Differentiability:

Continuity and differentialiabity
Derivative of composite functions
Chain rule
Derivates of inverse trigonometric functions
Derivate of implicit functions
Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions to the base e
Logarithmic functions as inverse of exponential functions. lim 1/x, lim 1/x, lim (1+1/x)x, lim (1+x)1/x, lim log(1+x), lim ex-1 x->0 x-> à x-> à x->0 x->0 x x->0 x
Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions
Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms
Second order derivatives
Rolle’s and Lagranges’s Mean value theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation and simple applications
Integral as an anti-derivative
Fundamental theorem of calculus
Fundamental integral involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithms functions
Integrations by substitution
Integration by parts, and by partial fractions
Integration using trigonometric identities
Evaluation of simple integrals of the type ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2+𝑎2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑎2− 𝑥 2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝑎2− 𝑥 2 , ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐 ,∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝑎𝑥2+ 𝑏𝑥+𝑐 , ∫ (𝑝𝑥+𝑞)𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐 , ∫ (𝑝𝑥+𝑞)𝑑𝑥 √𝑎𝑥2+ 𝑏𝑥+𝑐
Evaluation of simple integrals of the type ∫ √𝑎 2 ± 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 , ∫√𝑥 2 − 𝑎 2 𝑑𝑥
The properties of definite integrals
Evaluation of definite integrals
Determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form
Derivatives, continuity, and differentiability:
Functions
Graphs of simple functions
Algebra of functions
Rational
Polynomial function
Trigonometric function
Inverse function
Limits
Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, Differentiation of trigonometric functions
Logarithmic Functions & its Derivatives
Differentiation of Exponential
Inverse trigonometric and implicit functions
Differentiation of composite function
Derivatives of order up to two
Rate of change of quantities
Applications of derivatives
Increasing and decreasing functions
Maxima and minima of functions of one variable

UNIT IV: VECTOR AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Vectors:

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector
Direction cosines/ratios of vectors
Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors)
Position vector of a point, negative of a vector
Components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a Scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio
Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line
Vector (cross) product of vectors

Three - dimensional Geometry:

Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points
Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines
Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
Angle between (i) two lines (ii) two planes (iii) a line and a plane
Distance of a point from a plane.
Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors
Components of a vector in two dimensions and threedimensional space
Scalar products
Vector products
Coordinates of a point in space
Directions ratios and direction cosines
The angle between two intersecting lines
The distance between two points, section formula
Skew lines
The shortest distance between them Skew lines
The shortest distance between them, and its equation
Equations of a line

UNIT-V: LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Introduction
Definition of related terminology such as constraints
Objective function
Optimization
Different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems
Mathematical formulation of L.P. problems
Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
Feasible and infeasible regions
Feasible and infeasible solutions
Optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

UNIT VI: PROBABILITY

Multiplication theorem on probability Conditional probability
Independent events
Total probability
Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution
Probability of an event
Addition theorems of probability
Multiplication theorems of probability
Baye’s theorem, probability distribution of a random variate

BIOLOGY-XI

UNIT I: DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

What is living? ;

Biodiversity
Need for classification
Taxonomy & Systematics
Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy
Binomial nomenclature
Biological Classification: Five kingdom classification
Salient features and classification of Monera
Protista and Fungi into major groups
Lichens
Viruses and Viroids
Plant Kingdom: Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category)
Animal Kingdom: Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)