Probability 5 Question 15

15. A is a set containing n elements. A subset P of A is chosen at random. The set A is reconstructed by replacing the elements of P. A subset Q of A is again chosen at random. Find the probability that P and Q have no common elements.

(1991, 4M)

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Answer:

Correct Answer: 15. 34n

Solution:

  1. Since, set A contains n elements. So, it has 2n subsets. Set P can be chosen in 2n ways, similarly set Q can be chosen in 2n ways.

P and Q can be chosen in (2n)(2n)=4n ways.

Suppose, P contains r elements, where r varies from 0 to n. Then, P can be chosen in nCr ways, for 0 to be disjoint from A, it should be chosen from the set of all subsets of set consisting of remaining (nr) elements. This can be done in 2nr ways.

P and Q can be chosen in nCr2nr ways.

126 Probability

But, r can vary from 0 to n.

Total number of disjoint sets P and Q

=r=0nnCr2nr=(1+2)n=3n



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