Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry - Result Question 78

####3. A process will be spontaneous at all temperature if

(2019 Main, 10 April I)

(a) ΔH>0 and ΔS<0

(b) ΔH<0 and ΔS>0

(c) ΔH<0 and ΔS<0

(d) ΔH>0 and ΔS>0

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Solution:

  1. A process will be spontaneous when its free energy (Gibb’s energy) change will be negative, i.e. ΔG<0.

Spontaneity of a process is decided by the value of ΔG, which can be predicted from the Gibb’s equation, ΔG=ΔHTΔS for positive/negative signs of ΔH and ΔS at any/higher/lower temperature as:

ΔH ΔS Comment on
temperature
(T)
ΔG Comment on the
process
<0 >0 at any temp. <0 spontaneous
>0 <0 at any temp. >0 non-spontaneous
<0 <0 at lower temp. <0 spontaneous
>0 >0 at higher temp. <0 spontaneous


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