Extraction of Metals - Result Question 1

####1. The correct statement is

(a) leaching of bauxite using concentrated NaOH solution gives sodium aluminate and sodium silicate. (2019 Main, 12 April II)

(b) the hall-heroult process is used for the production of aluminium and iron.

(c) pig iron is obtained from cast iron.

(d) the blistered appearance of copper during the metallurgical process is due to the evolution of CO2.

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Solution:

  1. The correct statement is “leaching of bauxite using concentrated NaOH solution gives sodium aluminate and sodium silicate”. Bauxite usually contains SiO2, iron oxides and titanium oxide (TiO2) as impurities. Concentration is carried out by digesting the powdered ore with a concentrated solution of NaOH at 473523K and 3536 bar pressure. Al2O3 is leached out as sodium aluminate (and SiO2 too as sodium silicate) leaving the impurities behind.

Al2O3(s)+2NaOH(aq)+3H2O(l)2Na[Al(OH)4](aq)

The aluminate in solution is neutralised by passing CO2 gas and hydrated Al2O3 is precipitated. Here, the solution is seeded with freshly prepared samples of hydrated Al2O3 which induces precipitation.

2Na[Al(OH)4](aq)+CO2(g)

Al2O3xH2O(s)+2NaHCO3(aq)

The sodium silicate remains in the solution and hydrated alumina is filtered, dried and heated to give back pure Al2O3.

Al2O3xH2O(s)1470KAl2O3(s)+xH2O(g)



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