Organelle Function Key Characteristics
Lysosome Cellular waste disposal Contains enzymes, breaks down debris
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane network Rough ER: Protein synthesis. Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis, detoxification.
Golgi Apparatus Protein and lipid processing Composed of stacked cisternae
Nucleus Genetic control center Contains DNA, regulates gene expression
Heterochromatin DNA organization Tightly packed, inactive genes


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