Transgenic Animals:
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Definition: Transgenic animals have foreign DNA (genes) inserted into their genome to express new traits.
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Steps of Transgenesis:
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Selection of Target Gene: Choose the gene of interest, typically coding for specific proteins or traits.
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Gene Cloning: Amplify the target gene using techniques like PCR to create multiple copies.
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Insertion of Target Gene: Introduce the cloned gene into the host animal’s genome using methods like microinjection, viral vectors, or CRISPR- Cas9.
- Examples of Transgenic Animals:
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GloFish: Genetically modified zebrafish with fluorescent genes.
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Oncomouse: Carries an oncogene and is used in cancer research.
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Dolly the Sheep: First cloned mammal, not transgenic but significant in genetic manipulation.
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Pharming Animals: Produce pharmaceuticals in their milk, e.g., goats producing human antithrombin.
- Applications:
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Biomedical Research: Used as disease models, e.g., mice for studying Alzheimer’s, cancer, or diabetes.
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Drug Testing: Assess safety and efficacy of new drugs and treatments.
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Agriculture: Create GM livestock for higher yields, disease resistance, or better quality products.
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Bioreactors: Use transgenic animals to produce valuable proteins, hormones, or antibodies.
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Conservation: Introduce genes into endangered species to enhance survival and reproduction.
