Question: Q. 12. (i) The number of nuclei of a given radioactive nucleus, at times t=0 and t=T, are N0 and (N0/n) respectively. Obtain an expression for the half life (T1/2) of this nucleus in terms of n and T.

(ii) Identify the nature of the ‘radioactive radiations’, emitted in each step of the ‘decay chain’ given below :

AXZA4YZ2A4YZ2A4WZ1

U] [SQP 2013]

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Solution:

Ans. (i) According to the (exponential) law of radioactive decay,

Taking log on both sides

(1)lnn=λt  Now given t=T  and λ=0.693T1/2 lnnT=0.693T1/2 T1/2=0.693Tlnn

(ii) In AXZA4YZ2; Mass number changes by 4 units and atomic number changes by 2 units. Hence, it is α-decay. In ${ }^{A-4} \mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Z}-2} \rightarrow{ }^{A-4} Y{\mathrm{Z}-2};thereisnochangeinmassnumberandatomicnumber.Henceitis\gamma$ - decay.

In A4YZ2A4WZ1; there is no change in mass number and +1 change in atomic number. Hence this is βdecay.

[CBSE Marking Scheme 2013]



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