Question: Q. 2. (i) Draw a schematic arrangement of GeigerMarsden experiment showing the scattering of α-particles by a thin foil of gold. Why is it that most of the α-particles go right through the foil and only a small fraction gets scattered at large angles ? Draw the trajectory of the α-particle in the coulomb field of a nucleus. What is the significance of impact parameter and what information can be obtained regarding the size of the nucleus ?

(ii) Estimate the distance of closest approach to the nucleus (Z=80) if a 7.7MeVα-particle before it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction.

U A [Delhi I, II, III 2015]

Show Answer

Solution:

Ans. (i)

For most of the α-particles, impact parameter is large, hence they suffer very small repulsion due to nucleus and go right through the foil.

It gives an estimate of the size of nucleus.

1

(ii) K.E of the α-particle = potential energy possessed by beam at distance of closest approach.

12mv2=14πε0(2e)(Ze)r0 7.7×1.6×103=9×109×2×2.56×1038×80r01/2 r0=9×109×2×2.56×1038×807.7×1.6×1013 m1/2 =299×1016 m =29.9×1015 m30×1015 m1/2



विषयसूची

जेईई के लिए मॉक टेस्ट

एनसीईआरटी अध्याय वीडियो समाधान

दोहरा फलक