Will Apophis Hit Earth? NASA Debunks Myth; Here’s All You Need to Know

Asteroids have played a significant role in Earth’s history, most notably causing the extinction of the dinosaurs around 66 million years ago. This historical context underscores the importance of monitoring near-Earth objects (NEOs) like the asteroid 99942 Apophis. Discovered in 2004, Apophis is a substantial NEO, measuring approximately 1,100 feet (335 meters) in diameter. NASA has confirmed that this asteroid will make a close approach to Earth in 2029.

Close Approach in 2029

The average distance between Earth and the Moon is about 239,000 miles. However, on April 14, 2029, Apophis will come within 23,619 miles (38,012 kilometers) of Earth, which is ten times closer than the Moon. The asteroid will be traveling at a speed of 29.98 kilometers per second.

Will Apophis Strike Earth?

Initial reports suggested that Apophis might collide with Earth in 2029, making it one of the most hazardous asteroids since its discovery. However, NASA has debunked these claims. In March 2021, radar observations and orbit analysis confirmed that Apophis poses no impact risk for at least the next 100 years. Davide Farnocchia from NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) stated that a 2068 impact is no longer possible, and Apophis has been removed from the Sentry Impact Risk Table.

Observing Apophis

On April 13, 2029, Apophis will pass closer to Earth than geosynchronous satellites, making it visible to observers in the Eastern Hemisphere without the need for telescopes or binoculars. This event presents a unique opportunity for astronomers to study the asteroid, which has shifted from a potential threat to a subject of scientific interest.

Discovery and Tracking

Astronomers Roy Tucker, David Tholen, and Fabrizio Bernardi discovered Apophis on June 19, 2004. Despite initial observation challenges, the asteroid was later tracked by a team at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. Since then, Apophis has been closely monitored using optical and radar telescopes, allowing scientists to predict its future trajectory with confidence.

NASA’s OSIRIS-APEX Mission

NASA has redirected its OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, which previously collected samples from the Bennu asteroid, to study Apophis during its 2029 flyby. The mission has been renamed OSIRIS-APophis EXplorer (OSIRIS-APEX).

Naming of Apophis

The asteroid is named after Apophis, the demon serpent from ancient Egyptian mythology who symbolized evil and chaos.

India’s Role in Observing Apophis

During a workshop on Planetary Defence, the ISRO chief emphasized the importance of observing Apophis. He mentioned that ISRO is in discussions to contribute to the mission, potentially by preparing an instrument or providing other support in collaboration with JAXA, ESA, and NASA. He also highlighted the catastrophic potential of asteroid impacts, stressing the need for planetary defense measures.

Summary:

• Historical Context: Asteroids have caused significant events, such as the extinction of the dinosaurs.
• Apophis Size: Approximately 1,100 feet (335 meters) in diameter.
• Close Approach: Will come within 23,619 miles (38,012 kilometers) of Earth on April 14, 2029.
• Impact Risk: NASA confirms no impact risk for at least the next 100 years.
• Visibility: Will be visible to the naked eye in the Eastern Hemisphere on April 13, 2029.
• Discovery: Found in 2004 by astronomers Roy Tucker, David Tholen, and Fabrizio Bernardi.
• NASA Mission: OSIRIS-REx redirected to study Apophis, renamed OSIRIS-APEX.
• Naming: Named after the demon serpent from ancient Egyptian mythology.
• India’s Role: ISRO is considering contributing to the mission in collaboration with international space agencies.