Optics-General-Introduction-By-Prof-M-R-Shenoy
1 : Reflection and Refraction
- Laws of Reflection: Angle of Incidence ((i)) = Angle of Reflection ((r)), and incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane.
- Laws of Refraction (Snell’s Law): $$(n_1\sin\theta_1 = n_2\sin\theta_2).$$
- Critical Angle (θc): $$(\sin\theta_c = \frac{n_2}{n_1}).$$
- Refraction at Spherical Surfaces: Lens Maker’s Formula - $$\frac{1}{f} = (n_2 - n_1)\times(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2})$$
2 : Thin Lenses
- Lens Formula: $$(\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}).$$
- Magnification (M): $$(M = -\frac{v}{u}).$$
3 : Dispersion and Prisms
- Prism Angle and Deviation δ: Prism Formula - $$(\delta = A + \epsilon - \alpha).$$
4 : Lens Combinations
- Lens Combination Formula: $$(\frac{1}{f_{\text{effective}}} = \frac{1}{f_1} + \frac{1}{f_2}).$$
5 : Polarization
- Brewster’s Law: $$(\tan(\theta_B) = \mu).$$
6 : Interference and Diffraction
- Young’s Double Slit Experiment: Fringe Width $$((w)) - (w = \frac{\lambda D}{d}).$$
