Concepts to remember on Tidal Forces, Energy Conservation:

Tidal Forces:

• Gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

• Tides: periodic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun.

• Spring tide occurs when the alignment of the Sun, Moon and Earth is such that their gravitational forces combine to produce the highest high tides and the lowest low tides.

• Neap tide occurs when the alignment of the Sun, Moon and Earth is such that their gravitational forces partly cancel each other out, resulting in less extreme high and low tides.

• Tidal forces refer to the differential gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun on different parts of the Earth, causing the water in the oceans to bulge and recede, resulting in tides.

Energy Conservation:

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transferred from one form to another or transformed into different types of energy.
• Total energy of an isolated system remains constant, meaning the sum of all forms of energy within the system remains unchanged over time.
• Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion and depends on both its mass and velocity.
• Potential energy is the energy stored within a system due to its position, condition, or configuration, and depends on factors like height, position within a force field, or elastic deformation.
• Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy, representing the total energy associated with the motion and position of objects within a system.
• Conservation of mechanical energy states that in the absence of non-conservative forces, the total mechanical energy of an isolated system remains constant.
• Non-conservative forces are forces that cause a loss or gain of mechanical energy within a system, such as friction, air resistance, or any other force that dissipates or adds energy in non-recoverable ways.