Phenols
Concepts related to Phenols
Characteristics of Phenols:
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Phenols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring.
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Phenols are acidic due to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion.
Reactions of Phenols:
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Phenols undergo various reactions, including electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, and oxidation.
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Important reactions of phenols include nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, and alkylation.
Uses of Phenols:
- Phenols are used in the manufacturing of plastics, dyes, drugs, and perfumes.
Toxicity of Phenols:
- Some phenols, like phenol and cresol, are toxic, causing skin burns and respiratory issues.
Classification of Phenols
-Phenols are categorized as monohydric, dihydric, or trihydric based on the number of hydroxyl groups in their molecules.
Common Examples of Phenols
- Common phenols include phenol, cresol, and resorcinol.
Occurrence of Phenols in Nature:
- Phenols occur naturally in plants and fruits.
