Concepts to Remember: Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups

• Recognize and understand the properties of different functional groups (e.g., alcohols, alkenes, ketones).
• Identify functional groups in organic compounds by examining their structures.

Structural Isomerism

• Distinguish between various types of structural isomerism (chain, position, functional group).
• Use IUPAC nomenclature to correctly name and represent structural isomers.

Nomenclature

• Apply IUPAC rules to name different classes of organic compounds.
• Learn the systematic approach for naming complex organic structures accurately.

Electron Displacement Effects

• Understand the concepts of inductive effect, resonance effect, and hyperconjugation.
• Analyze how these effects influence bond polarity and reactivity in organic compounds.

Polarity of Bonds and Molecules

• Determine bond polarity based on electronegativity differences.
• Recognize the polar nature of molecules and predict their interactions.

Reaction Intermediates

• Identify and understand the formation, stability, and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, and free radicals.
• Recognize the role of reaction intermediates in organic reactions.

Types of Organic Reactions

• Classify organic reactions into addition, elimination, substitution, or rearrangement.
• Learn the basic mechanisms and examples of each reaction type.

Stereochemistry

• Differentiate between enantiomers and diastereomers.
• Understand optical activity and chirality.
• Interpret Fischer projections and Newman projections to represent molecular structures.

Purification Techniques

• Grasp the principles and applications of crystallization, distillation, sublimation, and chromatography.
• Choose appropriate purification techniques based on the properties of organic compounds.