Concepts to remember for LCR Circuit - Power Factor:

Concept 1: Power Factor Definition:

• Power factor (PF) represents the ratio of the real power (P) consumed by the circuit to the apparent power (S) supplied to the circuit in an AC circuit.

Concept 2: Power Factor Formula:

• PF = P/S = R/Z, where R is the resistance and Z is the impedance of the circuit.
• This formula helps determine the power factor by considering the relationship between real power, apparent power, resistance, and impedance.

Concept 3: Power Factor Range:

• The power factor is a dimensionless quantity that ranges from 0 to 1.
• A PF of 1 indicates a purely resistive circuit, where all power is consumed as real power without any reactive power.
• A PF of 0 indicates a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, where there is no real power consumption, only reactive power.

Concept 4: Power Factor Significance:

• Power factor plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of an AC circuit.
• A low power factor implies that more current flows through the circuit than necessary to perform useful work, leading to higher power losses and increased electricity costs.

Concept 5: Power Factor Improvement:

• The power factor can be enhanced by adding capacitance or inductance to the circuit.
• This helps align the current and voltage waveforms, reducing reactive power and increasing real power consumption, thereby improving the power factor.