Conservation Laws Fundamental Forces Estimation Of Distances
Conservation Laws:
- Law of Conservation of Mass:
- Matter cannot be created or destroyed during a reaction, but can change form.
- Law of Conservation of Energy:
- The total amount of energy in an isolated system remains the same.
- Law of Conservation of Momentum:
- The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant.
- Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum:
- The total angular momentum of an isolated system remains the same.
Fundamental Forces:
- Gravitational Force:
- An attractive force between any two objects with mass.
- Electromagnetic Force:
- A force acting between charged particles, stronger between oppositely charged particles.
- Strong Nuclear Force:
- A force binding the subatomic particles (quark) in atomic nuclei.
- Weak Nuclear Force:
- A force behind the radioactive decay of some subatomic particles.
Estimation of Distances:
- Parallax Method:
- Determining the distance to a star by observing its position from different points.
- Triangulation Method:
- Using angles from two known positions to calculate the distance to an object.
- Radar Method:
- Measuring the time taken for a radar pulse to bounce back from an object.
- Echo Method:
- Measuring the time it takes for a sound echo to return, thus estimating distance to objects from sound waves.
- Spectroscopic Method:
- Measuring the spectrum of stars to approximate the distance based on its redshift or blueshift.
