Chemistry Of Main Group Elements
Chemistry of Main Group Elements
Group 1: Alkali metals
- Highly reactive
- Low ionization energy
- Forms 1+ ions Examples: Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K)
Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
- Less reactive than alkali metals
- Higher ionization energy
- Forms 2+ ions Examples: Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)
Group 13: Boron group
- Covalent compounds
- Electron deficient
- Forms halides, hydrides, and oxides Examples: Boron (B), Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga)
Group 14: Carbon group
- Tetravalent
- Forms covalent compounds
- Includes diamond, graphite, and silicon Examples: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge)
Group 15: Nitrogen group
- Pentavalent
- Forms covalent compounds
- Includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic Examples: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As)
Group 16: Oxygen group
- Hexavalent
- Forms covalent and ionic compounds
- Includes oxygen, sulfur, and selenium Examples: Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se)
Group 17: Halogens
- Highly reactive
- Low ionization energy
- Forms 1- ions Examples: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br)
Group 18: Noble gases
- Unreactive
- High ionization energy
- Complete octet Examples: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar)
