Concepts to remember on Biology in Human Welfare: Human Health and Disease

Health:

• Physical and mental well-being without disease, pain, or disability. Disease:
• Abnormal conditions impairing normal bodily functions. Types of Diseases:
• Communicable: Caused by microorganisms, transmissible from person to person.
• Non-communicable: Not caused by infectious agents; genetic, environmental, behavioral factors. Immunity:
• Ability of an organism to resist disease or infection. Types of Immunity:
• Innate: Natural defenses present from birth, including physical and chemical barriers.
• Adaptive: Develops in response to specific pathogens, involves antibody production and immune cell activation. Vaccines:
• Biological preparations that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against specific diseases, providing protection. Antibiotics:
• Drugs that kill or inhibit bacterial growth, used to treat bacterial infections. Sanitation:
• Measures to promote cleanliness and hygiene, preventing disease spread. Nutrition:
• Adequate intake of essential nutrients for maintaining good health and preventing nutritional disorders. Lifestyle Choices:
• Factors like smoking, drinking, physical activity, stress management that impact health and disease risk. Mental Health:
• State of well-being involving coping with life stresses, realizing potential, working productively, and contributing to the community. Mental Health Disorders:
• Conditions affecting thoughts, emotions, and behavior, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.