Application Of Biotechnology In Medicine
Recombinant DNA technology
- Gene cloning and expression:
- Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
- Plasmids
- Used as vectors
Production of therapeutic proteins:
- Insulin, HGH, Interferons, Monoclonal antibodies
Gene Therapy:
- Gene augmentation, Gene replacement therapy
- CRISPR-Cas
Stem cell therapy
- Embryonic stem cells
- Adult stem cells
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
- Potential applications in regenerative medicine
Tissue engineering:
- Growing tissues and organs in the lab
- Biomaterials and scaffolds
Diagnostics
- DNA fingerprinting
- Gene probes and microarrays
- Biosensors and disease diagnosis
Pharmacogenomics
- Genes affect drug responses
- Personalized medicine and targeted therapies
Agricultural applications of biotechnology
- Genetically modified crops
- Pest-resistant plants, Herbicide-resistant plants
- Biofortified crops
Environmental applications of biotechnology:
- Bioremediation, Biofertilizers
- Biofuels, Phytoremediation
Ethical and societal issues in biotechnology
- GMOs, Designer babies, Access to healthcare
