Concepts and formula to Remember
Steps of respiration
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Pulmonary Ventilation | Inhalation and exhalation of air in and out of the lungs. |
| 2. External Respiration | Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between lungs and blood in the pulmonary capillaries. |
| 3. Transport of Gases | Transport of oxygen from lungs to body tissues via bloodstream and transport of carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs for exhalation. |
| 4. Internal Respiration | Exchange of gases between blood and body tissues, where oxygen is delivered to cells, and carbon dioxide is picked up. |
| 5. Cellular Respiration | Process occurring within cells where oxygen is used to break down glucose molecules, releasing energy (ATP) and producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. |
Respiratiory organs in different organisms
| Animal | Respiratory Organ | Mechanism | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fish | Gills | Extract oxygen from water through gills | Trout, Goldfish |
| Amphibians | Skin and Lungs | Skin respiration and lung respiration | Frogs, Salamanders |
| Reptiles | Lungs | Lung respiration | Snakes, Turtles |
| Birds | Lungs and Air Sacs | Efficient air circulation through lungs and air sacs | Sparrows, Eagles |
| Mammals | Lungs | Diaphragm-driven breathing | Humans, Dogs, Cats |
