118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

• The periodic table consists of 118 elements, each with its own unique symbol and atomic number.

• The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.

• The symbols for the elements are typically one or two letters, and are derived from the element’s name or its Latin name.

• The periodic table is organized into 18 vertical columns, called groups, and 7 horizontal rows, called periods.

• Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties, while elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers

Periodic Table in 60 seconds

The Periodic Table in 60 Seconds

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It is generally accepted that the modern periodic table was first published by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, although several other scientists had developed similar tables prior to this.

The periodic table is organized into 18 vertical columns, called groups, and 7 horizontal rows, called periods. The groups are numbered 1-18 from left to right, and the periods are numbered 1-7 from top to bottom.

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in such a way that elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. For example, all of the alkali metals (Group 1) are highly reactive and form 1+ ions. All of the halogens (Group 17) are highly reactive and form 1- ions.

The periodic table can be used to predict the chemical properties of an element based on its position in the table. For example, an element in the same group as sodium will likely be a soft, silvery metal that reacts easily with water. An element in the same period as oxygen will likely be a gas at room temperature.

The periodic table is a powerful tool that can be used to understand the chemical properties of elements and to predict the behavior of new elements that have not yet been discovered. It is also a valuable resource for students and scientists alike, providing a wealth of information about the elements and their properties.

Here are some examples of how the periodic table can be used to predict the chemical properties of elements:

• Sodium (Na) is a soft, silvery metal that reacts easily with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). This is because sodium is in the same group as potassium (K), which is also a soft, silvery metal that reacts easily with water.
• Oxygen (O) is a colorless gas at room temperature that is essential for life. This is because oxygen is in the same period as nitrogen (N), which is also a colorless gas at room temperature that is essential for life.
• Iron (Fe) is a hard, reddish-brown metal that is used to make steel. This is because iron is in the same group as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), which are also hard, reddish-brown metals that are used to make steel.

The periodic table is a valuable tool that can be used to understand the chemical properties of elements and to predict the behavior of new elements that have not yet been discovered. It is also a valuable resource for students and scientists alike, providing a wealth of information about the elements and their properties.

Related Topics

Related Topics

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Related topics can be useful for a variety of purposes, such as:

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Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

What is the atomic number?

Atomic Number

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is a fundamental property of an element and determines its chemical properties. The atomic number is unique for each element and increases by one for each element in the periodic table.

Examples:

• Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, meaning that a hydrogen atom has one proton in its nucleus.
• Carbon has an atomic number of 6, meaning that a carbon atom has six protons in its nucleus.
• Oxygen has an atomic number of 8, meaning that an oxygen atom has eight protons in its nucleus.

The atomic number of an element can be used to:

• Identify the element.
• Determine the number of electrons in an atom of that element.
• Predict the chemical properties of an element.

For example:

• The atomic number of sodium is 11, which means that a sodium atom has 11 protons in its nucleus. This also means that a sodium atom has 11 electrons, since the number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons. Sodium is a highly reactive metal that reacts easily with other elements to form compounds.
• The atomic number of chlorine is 17, which means that a chlorine atom has 17 protons in its nucleus. This also means that a chlorine atom has 17 electrons. Chlorine is a highly reactive nonmetal that reacts easily with other elements to form compounds.

The atomic number is a fundamental property of an element that plays a crucial role in determining its chemical properties.

What is an element?

An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Elements are the basic building blocks of matter and are represented by the symbols on the periodic table. Each element has a unique atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus.

Here are some examples of elements:

• Hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1 and is the most abundant element in the universe.
• Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8 and is the third most abundant element in the universe.
• Carbon (C) has an atomic number of 6 and is the basis of all organic molecules.
• Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26 and is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.
• Gold (Au) has an atomic number of 79 and is a precious metal that has been used for centuries to make jewelry and coins.

Elements can exist in different states of matter, including solid, liquid, and gas. For example, hydrogen can exist as a gas at room temperature, while oxygen can exist as a liquid at room temperature.

Elements can also combine with other elements to form compounds. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can combine to form water (H2O), which is a compound.

The study of elements and their interactions is called chemistry. Chemistry is a fundamental science that has applications in many fields, such as medicine, engineering, and materials science.

How many elements are there in the modern periodic table?

The modern periodic table consists of 118 elements, each with its own unique atomic number, chemical symbol, and properties. These elements are arranged in a grid based on their atomic numbers, which increase from left to right and top to bottom. The periodic table is divided into four blocks: the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block.

S-block: The s-block consists of the elements in Groups 1 and 2. These elements have their valence electrons in the s orbital. Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, are highly reactive and form 1+ ions. Group 2 elements, also known as alkaline earth metals, are less reactive than alkali metals and form 2+ ions.

P-block: The p-block consists of the elements in Groups 13 to 18. These elements have their valence electrons in the p orbital. The p-block includes a wide variety of elements, including metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals in the p-block are generally less reactive than those in the s-block. Nonmetals in the p-block are highly reactive and form covalent bonds. Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

D-block: The d-block consists of the elements in Groups 3 to 12. These elements have their valence electrons in the d orbital. The d-block includes transition metals, which are characterized by their ability to form multiple oxidation states. Transition metals are used in a wide variety of applications, including construction, transportation, and electronics.

F-block: The f-block consists of the elements in the actinide and lanthanide series. These elements have their valence electrons in the f orbital. The actinide series includes elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103, while the lanthanide series includes elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71. Actinide elements are radioactive and are used in nuclear power and medicine. Lanthanide elements are also radioactive and are used in a variety of applications, including lighting, lasers, and magnets.

The modern periodic table is a powerful tool for organizing and understanding the chemical elements. It provides a wealth of information about the properties and behavior of elements, and it can be used to predict the properties of new elements that have not yet been discovered.

What is a chemical symbol?

A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter abbreviation used to represent an element in chemistry. Each element is assigned a unique chemical symbol, which is used to identify the element in formulas, equations, and other chemical notation.

For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is H, the chemical symbol for oxygen is O, and the chemical symbol for carbon is C.

Chemical symbols are often derived from the element’s name. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen comes from the Greek word “hydro,” which means “water.” The chemical symbol for oxygen comes from the Greek word “oxys,” which means “acid.” And the chemical symbol for carbon comes from the Latin word “carbo,” which means “coal.”

Some chemical symbols are derived from the element’s Latin name. For example, the chemical symbol for iron is Fe, which comes from the Latin word “ferrum.” The chemical symbol for copper is Cu, which comes from the Latin word “cuprum.” And the chemical symbol for silver is Ag, which comes from the Latin word “argentum.”

Chemical symbols are also used to represent isotopes of an element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. For example, the chemical symbol for carbon-12 is 12C, which indicates that the carbon atom has 12 neutrons. The chemical symbol for carbon-13 is 13C, which indicates that the carbon atom has 13 neutrons.

Chemical symbols are a convenient way to represent elements in chemistry. They are used in formulas, equations, and other chemical notation to identify the elements involved in a chemical reaction or process.

What are the rules for chemical symbols?

Chemical symbols are used to represent elements in chemical equations and formulas. They are typically one or two letters long and are based on the element’s name. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is H, the chemical symbol for oxygen is O, and the chemical symbol for carbon is C.

There are a few rules that govern the use of chemical symbols.

• Chemical symbols must be written in lowercase letters. The only exception to this rule is the chemical symbol for fluorine, which is written as F.
• Chemical symbols must be written without periods. For example, the chemical symbol for sodium is Na, not Na..
• Chemical symbols must be written next to each other without spaces. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, not H 2 O.

There are also a few conventions that are followed when writing chemical symbols.

• The first letter of a chemical symbol is always capitalized. For example, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is H, not h.
• If a chemical symbol is two letters long, the second letter is always lowercase. For example, the chemical symbol for oxygen is O, not o.

These rules and conventions help to ensure that chemical symbols are used consistently and accurately.

Here are some examples of chemical symbols:

• H: hydrogen
• O: oxygen
• C: carbon
• N: nitrogen
• P: phosphorus
• S: sulfur
• Cl: chlorine
• Br: bromine
• I: iodine

Chemical symbols are an essential part of chemical notation. They allow chemists to communicate about elements and compounds in a concise and unambiguous way.

What is the significance of chemical symbols?

Chemical symbols are one- or two-letter abbreviations used to represent chemical elements. They are essential in chemistry for several reasons:

1. Simplicity and Universal Recognition: Chemical symbols provide a concise and universally recognized way to represent elements. For example, the symbol “H” represents hydrogen, “O” represents oxygen, and “Fe” represents iron. This simplicity allows chemists from different countries and languages to communicate effectively.

2. Periodic Table Organization: Chemical symbols are arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic numbers, which represent the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This arrangement helps in understanding the periodic trends and relationships between elements.

3. Chemical Formulas and Equations: Chemical symbols are used to write chemical formulas, which represent the composition of compounds. For instance, the formula for water is H2O, indicating that a water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Similarly, chemical equations, which represent chemical reactions, use symbols to show the reactants and products involved.

4. Electron Configuration and Valence Electrons: Chemical symbols provide information about the electron configuration and valence electrons of an element. The number of valence electrons, represented by the group number in the periodic table, determines an element’s chemical reactivity.

5. Isotopes and Nuclear Chemistry: Chemical symbols can be used to represent isotopes of an element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon-12 (C-12) has six protons and six neutrons, while carbon-13 (C-13) has six protons and seven neutrons.

6. Chemical Nomenclature: Chemical symbols are used in naming compounds systematically. For instance, the compound NaCl is named sodium chloride, where “Na” represents sodium and “Cl” represents chlorine.

7. Safety and Communication: Chemical symbols are often used on chemical labels and containers to quickly identify the contents. This helps ensure proper handling, storage, and safety precautions.

Examples:

• The chemical symbol for gold is “Au,” which is derived from the Latin word “aurum.”
• The symbol for sodium is “Na,” which comes from the Latin word “natrium.”
• The symbol for iron is “Fe,” which is derived from the Latin word “ferrum.”

In summary, chemical symbols are significant because they provide a simplified and universally recognized way to represent elements, facilitate the organization of the periodic table, enable the writing of chemical formulas and equations, convey information about electron configurations, and aid in chemical nomenclature and safety communication.

What is the chemical symbol of a sodium metal?

The chemical symbol for sodium metal is Na. It is derived from the Latin word “natrium,” which was used by the Romans to refer to a natural compound that contained sodium carbonate. Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly reactive and flammable. It is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is found in a variety of minerals, including halite (NaCl) and soda ash (Na2CO3).

Here are some additional details about sodium metal:

• Sodium is a member of the alkali metal group, which also includes lithium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Alkali metals are characterized by their high reactivity and low ionization energies.
• Sodium is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
• Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2).
• Sodium is used in a variety of applications, including:
  • Production of glass, soap, and paper
  • Manufacture of batteries and fuel cells
  • Desalination of seawater
  • Food preservation
  • Pharmaceuticals

Sodium is an essential element for humans and other animals. It plays a role in a variety of bodily functions, including:

• Regulation of blood pressure
• Fluid balance
• Nerve transmission
• Muscle contraction

The recommended daily intake of sodium for adults is 2,300 milligrams. However, most people consume much more than this amount. High sodium intake can lead to a number of health problems, including:

• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Kidney disease

It is important to limit your intake of sodium to reduce your risk of these health problems. You can do this by:

• Reading food labels and choosing foods that are low in sodium
• Limiting your intake of processed foods
• Cooking more meals at home
• Using herbs and spices to flavor your food instead of salt

Name the smallest and the largest atom.

Smallest Atom: Hydrogen (H)

• Atomic number: 1
• Number of protons: 1
• Number of neutrons: 0 (for the most common isotope, hydrogen-1)
• Number of electrons: 1
• Atomic mass: 1.008 atomic mass units (amu)

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 92% of all atoms. It is also the lightest element and the only one that is a gas at room temperature. Hydrogen is highly flammable and can be used as a fuel for rockets and other vehicles. It is also used in the production of fertilizers, plastics, and other chemicals.

Largest Atom: Oganesson (Og)

• Atomic number: 118
• Number of protons: 118
• Number of neutrons: 176 (for the most stable isotope, oganesson-294)
• Number of electrons: 118
• Atomic mass: 294 atomic mass units (amu)

Oganesson is the heaviest and least abundant element on the periodic table. It was first synthesized in 2006 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. Oganesson is a radioactive element with a very short half-life, meaning that it decays quickly into other elements. It is named after the Russian nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian.

Comparison of Hydrogen and Oganesson

The following table compares the properties of hydrogen and oganesson:

As you can see, hydrogen and oganesson are very different elements. Hydrogen is the smallest and lightest element, while oganesson is the heaviest and least abundant element. Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature, while oganesson is a solid. Hydrogen is highly flammable, while oganesson is not.

Can atoms exist without neutrons?

Can atoms exist without neutrons?

In most cases, no. Neutrons are one of the three subatomic particles that make up atoms, along with protons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, which identifies the element. The number of neutrons in an atom can vary, giving rise to different isotopes of the same element.

For example, carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. All three isotopes have six protons, but they have different numbers of neutrons. Carbon-12 has six neutrons, carbon-13 has seven neutrons, and carbon-14 has eight neutrons.

Most atoms are stable, meaning that they do not undergo radioactive decay. However, some isotopes are radioactive, meaning that they decay into other elements over time. For example, carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon that decays into nitrogen-14 with a half-life of 5,730 years.

Neutrons play an important role in the stability of atoms. They help to hold the protons together in the nucleus, and they also contribute to the atom’s overall mass. Without neutrons, most atoms would be unstable and would quickly decay.

However, there are a few exceptions to this rule.

• Hydrogen-1 is the only stable isotope of hydrogen that does not have any neutrons.
• Helium-3 is a stable isotope of helium that has two protons and one neutron.
• Lithium-6 is a stable isotope of lithium that has three protons and three neutrons.

These isotopes are all very light, and they have a relatively small number of protons. This means that the electrostatic repulsion between the protons is not strong enough to overcome the strong nuclear force that holds the nucleus together.

As the number of protons in an atom increases, the electrostatic repulsion between the protons becomes stronger. This makes it more difficult for neutrons to hold the nucleus together. As a result, heavier atoms are more likely to be unstable and to undergo radioactive decay.

In conclusion, most atoms cannot exist without neutrons. However, there are a few exceptions to this rule, such as hydrogen-1, helium-3, and lithium-6.

What is the chemical symbol of a gold metal?

The chemical symbol for gold is Au. It is derived from the Latin word “aurum”, which means “shining dawn” or “glow of sunrise”. Gold is a precious metal that has been valued for its beauty, rarity, and durability for thousands of years. It is used in a variety of applications, including jewelry, coins, electronics, and dentistry.

Here are some additional details about gold:

• Gold is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It is the most malleable and ductile of all metals, meaning that it can be easily shaped and stretched without breaking.
• Gold is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
• Gold is resistant to corrosion and tarnish, making it an ideal material for jewelry and other decorative purposes.
• Gold is a relatively rare metal. It is estimated that there is only about 190,000 metric tons of gold in the world, which is about the same amount as the weight of all the people on Earth.
• Gold is found in a variety of geological environments, including veins, placer deposits, and alluvial deposits.
• Gold is mined using a variety of methods, including open-pit mining, underground mining, and placer mining.
• Gold is used in a variety of applications, including:
  • Jewelry
  • Coins
  • Electronics
  • Dentistry
  • Medicine
  • Photography
  • Art
  • Investment

Gold is a valuable and versatile metal that has been used by humans for centuries. It is a symbol of wealth, power, and beauty, and it continues to be an important part of our world today.